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[hal-05273505] Climate change and irrigation management shape crop resilience in UAE arid agriculture: APSIM model-driven assessment
Climate change has intensified challenges to food security, compelling the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government to allocate significant resources and advanced technologies for assessing cropping systems performances across country. Crop modeling has emerged as cutting-edge tools for analyzing crop management and assessing water-soil resources usage and sustainability. This study applied a process-based crop model to evaluate performances of three annual crops—wheat, maize, and potato— under integrated climate change projections and irrigation management strategies within the UAE's arid agroecosystems. APSIM-model was used to simulate crop eco-physiological responses, and assess their vulnerability–resilience profiles under combined climate-water stressors. Model calibration-validation processes were conducted using dataset encompassing crop phenological and productivity state variables. Time-series simulations were then performed under baseline-historical and future-projected period (1988–2100) defined by four Shared-Socioeconomic-Pathways (SSPs: 2.6–4.5–7.0–8.5). Results show that APSIM-model was successfully calibrated, and model validation further confirmed its robust accuracy in simulating crops development and yield prediction under the UAE's agro-environmental conditions. Rising temperatures and water stress under medium–high emission scenarios (4.5–7.0–8.5) emerged as critical abiotic stressors, reducing wheat-yields up to half and maize-yields up to 75 %, and driving premature wheat and potato crop failure, particularly during the last two decades of the century. Leveraging APSIM-model for irrigation recommendations proved effective in ensuring maize efficient water-use, whereas it helps supporting appropriate potato scheduling across high-emissions scenarios. Findings highlighted the importance of investing in stress-tolerant crops and adapted varieties (e.g., C4 crops), alongside implementing UAE-specific soil–water management and climate-smart practices.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Achraf Mamassi) 23 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05273505v1
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[hal-05282411] Comment les machines ont pris la terre
L'agriculture numérique – drones, tracteurs connectés, pulvérisateurs de « précision », etc. – est aujourd'hui présentée comme une solution incontournable pour affronter les défis alimentaires et écologiques globaux. Ce projet s'inscrit dans la continuité des politiques d'équipement agricole ayant favorisé la concentration des exploitations et l'intensification des modes de production depuis les années 1950. Les machines agricoles demeurent toutefois des technologies peu débattues et peu étudiées. Quelles sont les organisations économiques et professionnelles ainsi que les politiques publiques qui, hier comme aujourd'hui, promeuvent des technologies intensives en capitaux et gourmandes en énergies fossiles ? Quelles transformations du travail agricole et quelles conséquences environnementales en résultent ? Rassemblant les contributions d'historiens et d'historiennes, de sociologues et d'anthropologues, ce livre éclaire les formes des verrouillages sociotechniques dans lesquels sont pris les agriculteurs et les agricultrices, contraignant leurs choix, augmentant leur empreinte environnementale, limitant la maîtrise de leurs outils de travail, et décourageant leurs velléités de bifurcation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sara Angeli Aguiton) 25 Sep 2025
https://edf.hal.science/hal-05282411v1
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[hal-05263238] Assessing sustainability and resilience of three dairy value chaines in Southern Mediterrenean countries
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francesco Accatino) 16 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05263238v1
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[hal-05266907] Assessing the vulnerability of French livestock production to climate and socio-economic change
Climate change poses challenges to French livestock sector, but existing knowledge about its impacts and adaptation strategies vary according to livestock farming systems and regions. The aim of this study is to analyse how climatic and socio-economic changes affect French livestock farming and how these effects vary according to geographical contexts, animal species (ruminant and monogastric) and systems (e.g., pasture-based or landless). To answer this, the study relies on grey literature, including project reports, and expert opinions, which provide insights from those most familiar with regional conditions. A dynamic tracking method was used to cover diverse farming systems and all metropolitan French regions. In addition, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts, such as veterinarians, agricultural advisors, project managers and researchers, selected for their contributions to relevant projects and expertise in livestock farming and climate change adaptation. The data were organized in a grid of analysis that categorises impacts based on their typology, the climate-related stressors causing them and the sectors affected (e.g., animal feed, livestock performance, and water and soil resources), to compare results across regions and livestock systems. Preliminary results show that heat stress is a common problem in all regions: 77% of the surveyed sources indicated negative impacts on animal welfare and productivity. However, other issues, such as emerging diseases, appear more region- and sector-specific (5% of sources). A literature gap was identified regarding the impact of climate change on monogastric livestock production in the French regions, as most studies focus on ruminant systems. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges climate change poses to the French livestock sector and shows how these challenges vary by region. It provides a territorial perspective focusing on animal species, farming systems and stages of the production chain. It provides a base for future discussions between value chain actors on the impact of climate change on livestock farming.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurine Coré--Brazier) 18 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05266907v1
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[hal-05273229] Pourquoi ne parvient-on pas à réduire l’usage des pesticides ?
Présentation "pourquoi ne parvient-on pas à réduire l'usage des pesticides?"' au laboratoire de Sophia Antipolis de l'ANSES, sur la base des résultats des projets BECREATIVE et INTERLUDE
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Muriel Valantin-Morison) 25 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05273229v2
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[hal-05249454] Analyse des successions culturales 2015 -2022 en France : état des lieux du niveau de diversification en agriculture conventionnelle et biologique
L'allongement et la diversification des rotations sont des leviers majeurs pour réduire le recours aux produits phytosanitaires et engrais de synthèse. Face à ces enjeux, il est nécessaire d'acquérir des connaissances sur les successions culturales à échelle géographique fine. A partir des données de séquences de cultures issues du Registre Parcellaire Graphique, et du travail d'un groupe d'experts en agronomie, l'Observatoire du Développement Rural a précédemment produit un jeu d'indicateurs qualifiant les successions sur terres arables, sur la période 2015-2021. Une nouvelle version de ces indicateurs, portant sur 2015-2022, est à présent disponible. Les résultats distinguent désormais les successions en agriculture biologique et conventionnelle. En moyenne, 3.7 cultures sont enregistrées sur 8 années de succession. Les successions sont plus diversifiées en agriculture biologique et comportent beaucoup plus fréquemment des légumineuses. Sur les quatre dernières années de la période, près de 90 % des surfaces ont eu au moins deux cultures différentes, ce qui correspond à la nouvelle norme relative aux rotations introduite dans la PAC 2023-2027.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Sophie Dedieu) 11 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05249454v1
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[hal-05242682] Generic crop rotation pattern-matching algorithm revealed dominant rotational systems for France
Crop rotations remain poorly documented at large spatial scale, despite their central role in agroecosystem sustainability. We present a generic pattern-matching algorithm to infer crop rotations from annual crop sequence datasets, such as those derived from the European Land Parcel Identification System, with minimal crop aggregation. This method identifies field-level rotations, quantifies their flexibility, and enables spatially-explicit assessment of dominant crop and grasslands rotational systems at various spatial and thematic levels. Applied to mainland France, the approach identified crop rotations on 90% of arable area, with four-year rotations -typically including two to three years of flexible crops-being the most common. Nationally, the top 20 rotations accounted for 30% of arable land, while the top 52 covered 50%. At the agricultural district scale, we distinguished 25 dominant rotational systems grouped into eight categories, including (i) maize grain monocropping, (ii) maize grain -winter wheat rotations, (iii) sunflower -winter wheat rotations, (iv) grass-based systems, (v) maize silage -winter wheat rotations, (vi) winter wheat -barley -rapeseed rotations, (vii) root crop-based rotations, and (viii) specialized production. At national scale, organic rotations were longer and more flexible than conventional ones. Rotations of larger farms were longer and temporally more diverse than smaller ones, but showed lower spatial diversity. This scalable, data-driven approach offers new insights into crop rotation patterns and their spatial variability. It can support the large-scale assessment of agroecosystems with quantitative evidences on dominant rotations, but also help at tracking and characterizing localized rotational innovations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ugo Javourez) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05242682v1
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[hal-05253839] Measuring city relationship strength beyond total counts: A multidimensional framework for distinguishing prominence from interdependence and significance
Relying on counting the number of interactions to gauge city relationship strength can be misleading, as volumes often only reflect the prominence of large cities rather than city interdependence. Drawing on statistical concepts of effect size and confidence, this study develops a relationship classification framework that identifies interdependent and statistically significant relationships. For demonstration, this framework is applied to placename co-occurrences in English Wikipedia articles for 100 European cities. Each city relationship is evaluated through five metrics: co-occurrence, mutual information, statistical confidence, a combined mutual information–confidence metric and a relative gravity model. The findings demonstrate that a high co-occurrence, commonly observed between large cities like London and Paris, typically corresponds with high statistical confidence, but does not necessarily imply strong interdependence. By contrast, strongly interdependent relationships tend to be regionally clustered, such as the Dutch Randstad (Amsterdam–Rotterdam–The Hague), the Flemish Diamond (Brussels–Antwerp–Gent) and the Ruhr region (Dusseldorf–Essen–Duisburg). By differentiating relationship types, this framework reveals the complexity of intercity relationships and regional patterns that conventional methods fail to capture, offering a more nuanced understanding of city networks.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wang Tongjing) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05253839v1
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[hal-05242439] Uncovering the diversity of farmers' practices to organise the redesign of a crisis-stricken sector: the case of French cherries
How can we prioritize what needs to be redesigned in an agricultural sector in crisis? The French cherry sector has been facing this question since the arrival of an invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (DS), in 2010. The economic, environmental, and social impacts associated with managing this pest (mental burden, intensive use of pesticide, economic loss, etc.) are jeopardizing the short-term future of the sector. This 'emergency situation' sparks controversies around the management strategies to prioritize (e.g., pesticide use exemptions vs. redesign) as the national and regional players involved in the management of DS lack knowledge of the current farmers' practices and the concrete problems they face in their day-to-day work. While extensive research has focused on the biology of DS, this study aims to uncover the diversity of farmers' cherry practices to bring reflexivity to collectively discuss priorities for redesigning the sociotechnical cherry system, considering emergencies. The study highlights different farmers' flies management logics and ways to address the DS issue in different situations (e.g. a highly diversified farm on a plain vs. a specialised farm on slopes). It also shed light on situated problems encountered by farmers when managing DS (e.g. work organisation, ethical issues, investment), which contrasts with the way in which national players tackle this issue. These results aim to be used in a near future to support the redesign of the sector, considering emergencies, in different design spaces involving actors engaged in the management of DS. Our results also contribute to the development of methods to support collective reflexivity in design processes in emergency situations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hugo Bourgez) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05242439v1
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[hal-05263694] Analysis of situations of use to design tools to help change practices
To help farmers change their practices, a growing number of tools are being offered to them and their advisers. One of the challenges is to design these tools so that they effectively and efficiently support those wishing to transform their practices. To meet this challenge, we use an approach based on an analysis of the activity that the tool to be designed should help to change. This analysis highlights the 'mediations' that the tool can support between an actor and the object of their action. Based on three completed projects (APPI'N, MoCoRiBa, DeciFlorSys), we demonstrate the impact of this approach on the design process, in terms of: (i) the properties of the tool to be designed and the mediations it supports; (ii) the forms of user involvement; and (iii) the design activity itself.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marianne Cerf) 16 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05263694v1
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[hal-05114020] Testing a low-complexity spatially distributed model to simulate the intra-annual dynamics of soil erosion and sediment delivery
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francis Matthews) 16 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05114020v1
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[hal-05257591] The decline of climate skepticism in France: An analysis of climate change attitudes over the last two decades
This article analyzes the evolution of public attitudes toward climate change in France. In the context of a challenging economic environment, the climate crisis continues to be a significant concern for the French populace, a concern that is exacerbated by the increasing frequency of climate-related disasters globally. Utilizing a logit model applied to four waves of a longitudinal survey conducted in 2000, 2010, 2019, and 2021, our findings indicate a noteworthy decline in climate skepticism. This reduction is correlated with an enhanced recognition of the scientific consensus on climate change and a broader adoption of environmentally responsible behaviors. Our analysis reveals significant associations between political orientation and climate skepticism: individuals who voted for far-right parties demonstrate a higher propensity for skepticism, whereas those who supported environmentalist parties exhibit a lower likelihood of skepticism. These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing efforts to communicate climate science effectively, promote pro-environmental behaviors, and acknowledge the pivotal role of political actors in mitigating climate skepticism.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sébastien Bourdin) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05257591v1
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[hal-05269510] Designing Pesticide-Free Agriculture: A Territorial Research Framework to move from Theory to Practice
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Muriel Valantin-Morison) 19 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05269510v1
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[hal-05238188] Understanding and supporting a territory's transition towards zero pesticide use: the case of the western plain of Montpellier. Co-designing agrifood systems across scales: methods and tools for multi-actor approaches
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myrto Parmantier) 03 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05238188v1
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[hal-05230396] PHYTOS-EXPLORER: SUPPORTING DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING TO REDUCE PESTICIDE USE AT THE TERRITORIAL SCALE
Monitoring pesticide use at the territorial scale is imperative for evaluating environmental policies, guiding local action plans, and mitigating risks to ecosystems, human health, and biodiversity. However, the scarcity of fine-scale data on pesticide applications poses a significant challenge in this regard. The Phytos-Explorer tool has been developed for the purpose of spatially disaggregating pesticide sales data and combining it with high-resolution land use information, approved product uses, and local expertise. The tool utilises a range of data sources, including national pesticide sales records (BNVD), agricultural parcel data (LPIS), and geographical land cover datasets, to allocate pesticide use estimates to particular crops and landscapes. This process is then validated through the application of expert knowledge and case studies. The application of the model across four contrasting territories demonstrated its ability to capture inter-annual trends, substitution dynamics, and crop-specific usage patterns. The validation process against ground-truth data demonstrated the efficacy of fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators, with the performance of insecticides being comparatively lower. The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of incorporating local expertise in order to enhance the accuracy of the results. Whilst the present limitations encompass reporting delays and uncertainties associated with on-farm stockpiling, Phytos-Explorer evinces considerable potential to facilitate evidence-based decision-making for farmers, land managers and policymakers by enabling targeted interventions and tracking progress towards pesticide reduction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marco Carozzi) 29 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05230396v1
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[hal-05230402] PHYTOS-EXPLORER: supporting data-driven decisionmaking to reduce pesticide use at the territorial scale Session: Farming Practice Diversity in Agroecological Transitions: From Typologies to Analytical Tools
Monitoring pesticide use at the territorial scale is imperative for evaluating environmental policies, guiding local action plans, and mitigating risks to ecosystems, human health, and biodiversity. However, the scarcity of fine-scale data on pesticide applications poses a significant challenge in this regard. The Phytos-Explorer tool has been developed for the purpose of spatially disaggregating pesticide sales data and combining it with high-resolution land use information, approved product uses, and local expertise. The tool utilises a range of data sources, including national pesticide sales records (BNVD), agricultural parcel data (LPIS), and geographical land cover datasets, to allocate pesticide use estimates to particular crops and landscapes. This process is then validated through the application of expert knowledge and case studies. The application of the model across four contrasting territories demonstrated its ability to capture inter-annual trends, substitution dynamics, and crop-specific usage patterns. The validation process against ground-truth data demonstrated the efficacy of fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators, with the performance of insecticides being comparatively lower. The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of incorporating local expertise in order to enhance the accuracy of the results. Whilst the present limitations encompass reporting delays and uncertainties associated with on-farm stockpiling, Phytos-Explorer evinces considerable potential to facilitate evidence-based decision-making for farmers, land managers and policymakers by enabling targeted interventions and tracking progress towards pesticide reduction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marco Carozzi) 29 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05230402v1
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[hal-05232374] A systemic analysis of barriers to pesticide reduction at the farm level
As elsewhere in the world, pesticide reduction is not achieved in France (Hossard et al., 2017) despite an ambitious public policy aiming to foster practice change on commercial farms (the Ecophyto plan). Most of the studies analyzing obstacles to pesticide reduction at the farm level compile generic lists of factors hindering change without showing how these factors interact with one another, or how they relate to farmers' practices and their agricultural context (e.g. Bjørnåvold et al., 2022; Darnhofer et al., 2005). Indeed, these studies mainly emphasize generic constraints linked to the characteristics of alternatives (e.g., their limited availability, low effectiveness, or high labor requirements) or to farmers' motivations and attitudes towards agroecological transitions, but they rarely investigate how farmers’ practices choice, and the agronomic functioning of their cropping systems may impede pesticide reduction. The aim of our study was to explore farmer’s practices and their rationale, in order to decipher the farmer’s logic of pesticide use and unuse. Methodology Within the DEPHY-Farm network (a national farmer network enhanced to develop alternative practices to pesticide use), we selected farmers who showed contrasted trajectories of their Treatment Frequency Index (TFI) across years since their entry in the network (increase, reduction or stability at a high level, Table 1). We conducted interviews with 25 farmers in four different regions in France, in order to understand farmer’s practices and the rationale behind them. For each farmer, we produced a narrative using the action logic framework (Quinio et al., 2022; Salembier, 2019) to organize the systemic links established by the farmer during the interview between his/her practices, the interpretation he makes about agronomic processes at play, the information he uses to manage his crops, his satisfaction criteria, and contextual elements. By comparing the logics of farmers with different TFI trajectories, and drawing on agronomic literature, we identified, through the action logics, key systemic mechanisms explaining the high dependency on pesticides, thus depicting a systemic analysis of the obstacles to pesticide reduction on farms. We found that obstacles mentioned by the interviewed farmers varied from one farm to another, and an obstacle for one farm may not be an obstacle for another farm. Most often, obstacles are not related to a particular practice or pest, but are closely interlinked with the way farmers design their cropping systems. For instance, one farmer who prioritizes yield as a satisfaction criterion chooses a late-maturing corn variety and opts for early sowing to extend the crop cycle and therefore maximize yield. He systematically applies an insecticide while sowing the crop, as he reports high wireworm pressure in his plots, which could lead to significant yield losses (obstacle to pesticide reduction). Corn frequently returns in the crop rotation on irrigated plots, as it is considered the most profitable crop by the farmer, who has invested in a corn drying unit that needs to be cost-effective. As a result, he cultivates a large area of corn every year, which make it more difficult to shift sowing dates. By contrast, his neighbor, who had a similar rationale in the past, decided to reduce his corn acreage and to introduce other crops in order to break the cycle of weeds and pests while also spreading the economic risk associated with a single crop. He now selects an early-maturing variety that can be sown later, allowing the crop to establish under conditions where corn is more vigorous and quickly becomes less vulnerable to wireworm attacks. As a result, he applies no insecticides on his corn crops and is satisfied with this cropping system, as it helps reduce input costs (irrigation, pesticides, drying costs). However, he mentions that this logic is more suitable on relatively small farms like his, as a delay in sowing dates is easier for a small maize acreage. In contrast, farmers with large maize areas often need to start sowing as soon as possible, as the operation is spread over a longer period. This example show that pest pressure and pesticide use depend on farmer’s combination of practice (here crop rotation, crop variety and sowing dates), driven by specific satisfaction criteria and contextual elements (here farm size and specialized equipment). Using a cross-analysis of farmer’s action logics, we identified several systemic mechanisms that hinder pesticide reduction at the farm level in arable systems, among which “system simplification to reduce workload” and “cash crops oriented diversification”. We identify two key methodological contribution of this work. First, we used an in-depth analysis of the action logics of farmers who have reduced their TFI to put into perspective the logics of those who have not. In doing so, rather than identifying a list of generic obstacles, we unraveled strongly interlinked mechanisms at the farm level, which alert on certain trends in the agricultural sector (among which the increase of farm size and over-equipment of farms with cutting-edge equipment not well suited to system redesign). Moreover, the action logic framework so far has been used to highlight innovative agroecological practices, through innovation tracking for instance (e.g. Verret et al., 2020). In this study, we used the same concept to highlight systemic barriers to pesticide reduction at the farm level. A possible extension of this work would be to assess whether this systemic analysis could help farmers, agricultural advisors, researchers or other stakeholders to overcome the identified obstacles and design new strategies to support pesticide cut in arable systems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emma Le Merlus) 01 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05232374v1
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[hal-05242037] How Assessment Methods Support The Design Of Pesticide Free Territories
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rosan de Lange) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05242037v1
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[hal-05233595] Tracking on-farm innovations related to agroecological principles in french trout farming
Worldwide aquaculture production is increasing in volume and expected to contribute more to the production of human-edible food (FAO 2024). In France, trout (production of 35 000 t/yr) is the fish produced most in freshwater aquaculture. It is sustained by a dynamic national market, but the volume of production has remained stable over the last 20 years. To develop, fish farming faces several issues, such as decreasing waste emissions into the environment, accessing and using water sparingly (in quantity and quality), and feeding fish without using natural resources (e.g., fishmeal and fish oil) from wild-captured forage fish. Ultimately, fish farming needs to be redesigned in a sustainable way (Tacon et al. 2010; Diana et al. 2013). To this end, agroecological principles, defined for animal production, seem relevant. They consider specific characteristics of local conditions to decrease negative impacts, while promoting metabolic regulations of fish farms, depending upon the territory considered (Dumont et al. 2013). In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize innovative practices already adopted by trout farmers and to relate them to agroecological principles. Methods The hypothesis formulated was that some trout farmers have already adopted one or more agroecological innovations. Tracking of on-farm innovation (Salembier et al. 2021) was the method used to detect these innovations in France. The method consisted of five stages: •Formulating an innovation-tracking project: to define what is innovative, the dominant system(s) must first be defined. To this end, through semi-directed interviews, nine experts described their representation of the dominant system(s). •Identifying on-farm innovations: the same nine experts were asked to identify trout farmers who performed practices that they considered innovative (i.e., different from those in the dominant system(s)) and agroecological. Based on their recommendations, 27 fish farmers were interviewed. •Understanding the innovations: information was collected to help understand and describe the reasoning behind innovations away from the dominant system(s). This stage also characterized the goals, organization, strengths, and weakness of the fish farms, and assessed the fish farmers’ satisfaction with their innovative practices. •Assessing lessons learned from the innovations: this stage identified obstacles to innovations, mechanisms that promoted innovations, how fish farmers’ practices evolved on their farms, and what they learned from it. •Generating fish-farming knowledge: this stage generated and organized knowledge about the innovations identified in order to use it to help design innovative systems. Results The dominant systems The experts described two dominant systems. In the first, the “mass-market” system (MMS), trout are produced to supply collective slaughtering-processing factories for human consumption. In the second, the “direct-sale” system (DSS), trout are produced for direct sale to consumers for human consumption, with or without processing, or for restocking rivers for angling. MMS uses trout monoculture, employs technical workers, reaches fish densities of up to 100 kg/m3, optimizes growth performance, and uses machines to control water quality (i.e., supply oxygen, filter water). In contrast, DSS produces several salmonid species, has fish farmers who work alone or with a family member, and reaches fish densities of up to 30 kg/m3. Innovations identified On the 27 trout farms surveyed, 4 innovative practices related to agroecology were identified. One of them aimed to limit negative effects of a fish parasite in river water by changing fish management at early stages of trout growth. Another aimed to decrease environmental impacts caused by using feed that contained fishmeal by replacing the latter with insects or processed animal protein. Another combined vegetable production with fish production in the same system to use fish waste as a nutrient source for the vegetables. The last one aimed to help preserve kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) populations by producing more trout fingerlings, which compensated for the amount of fish that the trout preyed upon on the fish farm. Discussion and perspectives To our knowledge, no previous studies have surveyed trout farms about agroecological innovations. The hypothesis that agroecological innovations already exist on trout farms was confirmed. Although most of the experts considered innovative practices to be new technologies, without considering agroecological aspects, the method of tracking on-farm innovations helped identify innovative practices and understand how they operated and evolved. The practices identified are expected to help design an agroecological trout farm in future workshops based on concept-knowledge theory (Hatchuel and Weil 2009), in particular by going beyond “design fixation”, which could limit the resulting design. The subsequent goal will be to set up the agroecological trout farm to perform experiments with it.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Jaeger) 01 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05233595v1
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[hal-05251440] Flexible crop rotation identification and classification: New tool and application to France
Flexible crop rotation identification and classification: New tool and application to France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ugo Javourez) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05251440v1
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[hal-05294699] Reconciling sustainability and sovereignty? There is no relationship between nutritional quality, environmental impact and food sovereignty in the French dietary pattern.
Background and objectives: The capacity to provide sustainable diets, covering nutrient requirements, reducing risk of chronic disease and having a low impact on the environment, depends on domestic agricultural production and agricultural commodity trade flows. The transition to more sustainable food systems is therefore closely linked to food sovereignty issues. This study aimed to analyze the nature of the relationships among the nutritional, environmental and food sovereignty dimensions of food groups within the current French food supply. Methods: The dietary pattern was estimated using the food repertory from the latest French representative survey of adult food consumption, INCA3 (n = 2,121). For each food item (n = 1,772), indicators related to the three dimensions were calculated. First, we developed a nutrient-based food scoring system (PANFood, inspired by the PANDiet system) to assess nutritional quality based on the potential to provide sufficient indispensable nutrients without excessive nutrients to limit (n=32), using the CIQUAL database. Second, environmental impact was estimated using the single Environmental Footprint (EF) score from the Agribalyse database. In addition, a sustainability score was calculated by normalizing and standardizing these two indicators to create a more synthetic score. Third, food sovereignty was estimated as the food self-sufficiency (FSS) capacity, calculated as the ratio of domestic production to food availability using international (FAOSTAT) and national databases. Finally, these indicators were calculated for each food group as the consumption-weighted average of the food indicators to analyze their distribution across the dimensions. The long-term health value of food categories, as outlined in the Global Burden of Disease study, was also considered in the analysis. Results: There was no significant correlation between self-sufficiency and nutritional or environmental dimensions. Nevertheless, certain patterns were observed. The cereals and tubers achieved a favorable sustainability profile and a strong self-sufficiency. Dairy products presented a high self-sufficiency capacity, but their overall sustainability profile was moderate. Fruits, vegetables, and legumes demonstrated favorable sustainability profiles, with low cardiovascular disease risk, but their self-sufficiency capacities were not adequate and varied within the groups (e.g., low for citrus and high for apples). Finally, the Meat group exhibited a poor sustainability profile achieving the highest environmental impact and moderate self-sufficiency capacity overall. However, there were notable discrepancies between the type of products and the species (e.g., red meat and poultry). Conclusions: In France, based on the current dietary pattern, food sovereignty does not align with these sustainability dimensions. However, certain food groups can serve as lever to enhance sovereignty. These data could be used to model more sustainable and self-sufficient diets.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marianne Cerf) 02 Oct 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05294699v1
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[hal-05246536] Methods for systemic design in agrifood systems
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy) 09 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05246536v1
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[hal-05246569] Systems approach and design in agronomy: past, present and future
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marc Meynard) 09 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05246569v1
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[hal-05269775] IDEAS: an experience to develop design capabilities in research and for innovation in territories
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin Toffolini) 19 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05269775v1
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[hal-05278812] Urban agriculture as a stepping stone to rural farming: trajectories of new farmers
Le renouvellement des générations agricoles constitue un enjeu majeur pour l’agriculture européenne et française, la population agricole française ayant connu une diminution continue depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette tendance soulève des inquiétudes quant à l’avenir des filières et des territoires ruraux. Parallèlement, l’agriculture urbaine s’est fortement développée dans les pays du Nord. Au-delà de sa multifonctionnalité reconnue, certains acteurs la présentent comme un « tremplin » vers l’agriculture rurale. Pour interroger cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une enquête qualitative fondée sur les récits de vie de douze « néo-agriculteur.ices » ayant une expérience en agriculture urbaine. L’analyse a conduit à la construction de trois idéaux-types : « néo-agriculteur.ice en quête de sens », « néo-agriculteur.ice tardif.ve » et « néo-paysan.ne militant.e ». Ces types mettent en évidence la combinaison entre engagement politique, socialisation agricole et rôle des moments de reconversion ou de bifurcation dans la manière dont les contraintes pèsent sur les trajectoires. Nos résultats montrent que l’agriculture urbaine peut constituer une étape décisive, permettant l’acquisition de compétences techniques et encourageant des réorientations professionnelles. Toutefois, cette expérience ne prépare pas seule à l’installation et conduit quasi exclusivement vers le maraîchage, limitant son rôle face au déclin générationnel. Elle contribue néanmoins à l’émergence de fermes agroécologiques en circuits courts, participant à la transformation des modèles agricoles.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnes Fargue-Lelievre) 23 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05278812v1
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[hal-05278600] From conceptual to operational: steps and obstacles in the participatory design of Urbanaa, a tool to assess the sustainability of urban farms
Les études sur la conception d'outils d'aide à la décision a montré l'importance d'inclure les utilisateurs dès le départ mais il existe peu de recommandations sur les étapes pour passer de l'outil conceptuel à l'outil opérationnel. Sur l'exemple d'Urbanaa, un outil d'évaluation de la durabilité des fermes urbaines professionnelles, nous montrons les différentes étapes pour aboutir à un outil opérationnel du diagnostic des usages aux tests utilisateurs en séparant en 2 phases de conceptualisation et d'opérationnalisation composées de 5 et 4 étapes respectivement. Nous finissons par des conseils généraux.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Paola Clerino) 23 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05278600v1
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[hal-05241705] Facilitating assessment of the sustainability of cropping systems by understanding use situations
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Cavan) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05241705v1
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[hal-05296236] Conducting a diagnosis of use situations to design tools aiming to support change in agricultural systems
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marianne Cerf) 03 Oct 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05296236v1
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[hal-05240510] Exploring machinery management logics for implementing species mixtures: insights from agronomy
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Esther Fouillet) 04 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05240510v1
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[hal-05296215] Using design theory to build cross-disciplinary research agendas for sustainability transition: learnings from four experiences
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Margot Leclère) 03 Oct 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05296215v1
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[hal-05209626] Innovation couplée
Les innovations couplées désignent des innovations conçues de manière coordonnée alors qu’elles relèvent de domaines d’innovation généralement gérés par différents acteurs et/ou de manière indépendante. Au cours d’un processus d’innovation couplée, des innovations techniques, organisationnelles, institutionnelles et/ou sociales sont combinées, de façon cohérente, pour résoudre un problème complexe et/ou contribuer au déverrouillage des systèmes sociotechniques. Notons que le terme « innovation couplée » désigne à la fois un processus d’innovation et la/les innovation(s) qui en résultent.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Margot Leclère) 25 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05209626v1
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[hal-05258711] Thematic Encyclopedia of Regional Science
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258711v1
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[hal-05258531] François Perroux (1903–1987): Father of French Regional Science and Growth Pole Theory
In this chapter, André Torre describes François Perroux as one of the fathers of regional science and undoubtedly the founder of French and French-speaking regional science in the 1950s and 1960s. His theoretical contributions take into account in an essential way the question of space and the regional and local dimensions. He incorporated these dimensions into an original theory of growth and development, which has had an impressive posterity and is still influential today in terms of development principles. Perroux made important contributions to economic analysis, especially in terms of growth and development processes, domains where he has adopted a non-standard and often evolutionary approach. Finally, as a pragmatic economist, he has seen his ideas and principles spread throughout the world, with the implementation of many development policies inspired by his research, so that his influence is still major today, in particular with regard to unbalanced growth issues and the development paths of emerging regions or countries. The purpose of this chapter is to recall the essential contribution of François Perroux to social sciences and, especially, to regional science. His contribution is important in several respects, whether it concerns his theoretical elaborations in the field of development, especially growth pole and economic space theory; his applications of growth pole theory; his role as an adviser in many developing countries; or his intellectual leadership in the creation of a French-speaking Section of the Regional Science Association.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258531v1
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[hal-05258071] New proximities during and after the Covid 19 pandemic
Various proximities played a central role in the Covid-19 crisis, whether they promoted the spread of the pandemic, reduced human and social interactions, or allowed for exchange and contact at a distance. But they were also profoundly affected by the pandemic. Geographical proximity became dangerous and deadly, while distance-organized proximity increasingly developed through the use of ICTs. Both were associated with a dramatic rise in social and spatial inequalities. The object of this article is the analysis of how the pandemic reveals and modify both the functioning and the impact of proximities on our lives, from the examination of notions such as social distancing, lockdown or teleworking, and the use of proxemics. We conclude on the difficulty for a society to live at a distance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258071v1
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[hal-05049267] Sex ratio and fertility preferences in India: A longitudinal analysis
Birth control policies and entrenched patriarchal norms have contributed to a highly imbalanced male/female ratio in India. While the impact of son preference on the sex ratio is largely studied, the consequences of a maleskewed sex ratio on women's fertility preferences remain underexplored. Merging different longitudinal datasets (Indian Census and IHDS panel household survey), this article provides an original empirical analysis of the effect of district-level sex ratios on women's fertility preferences and the nested pathways of this relationship. Individual and time fixed-effects regressions show that district-level surplus of men negatively affects women's desired number of sons. The robustness of these findings is confirmed after conducting multiple checks, including controlling for endogeneity by leveraging temperature data from the India meteorological department (1952-2011). The investigation of potential pathways shows that a higher district male/female ratio may make gender norms and the marriage market more favorable to women (via an increase in decision-making power and age of marriage, and a decrease in the dowry price and domestic violence acceptance). We conclude that this self-corrective process which shapes the relationship between sex ratio and son preference in contexts of entrenched patriarchal norms, hinders gender equality.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Clément) 28 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05049267v1
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[hal-05076549] Changes in cropping systems associated with biogas plants in French cereal-growing areas
CONTEXT Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process that produces a renewable gas (biogas) and an organic fertilizer (digestate). Energy cover crops, grown between two main crops, are expected to become the predominant AD feedstock in France and other European countries, potentially reshaping cropping systems and agricultural practices. However, farming systems linked to AD remain understudied, potentially leading to AD assessments disconnected from actual farming practices. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to address this gap by characterizing the cropping system changes in French farms associated with biogas plants mainly relying on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions and to discuss the differences with agricultural practices usually considered in AD assessments. METHODS We conducted interviews on 33 farms in French cereal-growing regions between late 2020 and 2023 to characterize changes in cropping systems of non-livestock farms associated with AD. The interview guide covered general farm and biogas plant information, main crop and energy cover crop management, farm-scale fertilization and digestate management. Land cover changes before and after AD were considered, as well as the calculation of a simplified farm-scale nutrient (N, P and K) balance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Key findings revealed that energy cover crops were grown on an average of 30 % of farm surfaces each year. They were generally treated with pesticides, and irrigated on half of the surveyed farms when cultivated in summer. Their introduction implied significant reductions in surfaces of crops with longer growing periods, such as wheat and rapeseed, while the surface of barley, maize and other cereal crops increased. Yield losses of −10 % to −40 % in main crops following winter energy cover crops were reported by 39 % of respondents, who mainly attributed them to delayed sowing dates of summer crops, resulting in a shorter growth period. Potential fertilizer savings achievable through digestate application varied across farms and were positively correlated with the proportion of agro-industrial byproducts in the digester. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first description of agricultural practices of non-livestock farms with AD based mainly on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions. It highlights discrepancies between observed practices and those considered in AD assessments. Future local or national assessments of AD should account for actual on-farm practices, evaluating the impacts of climate change and the potential water scarcity on cropping systems with AD. This is necessary to mitigate any adverse effects resulting from the energy transition.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 21 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05076549v1
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[hal-05261862] Evolutions des successions de cultures à l'échelle d'un territoire à l’échelle d'un territoire : le Maine-et-Loire et la Loire-Atlantique
La transition agroécologique des systèmes agricoles doit conduire à un abandon des produits phytosanitaires de synthèse (PPS). De nombreux travaux s’intéressent aux voies de transitions et aux innovations permettant de se passer de ces produits. Les successions de culture sont un des leviers au sein des systèmes de culture qui sont fréquemment mobilisés pour leurs effets de courts et longs termes sur la levée de la dépendance aux PPS. Les successions de cultures sont également un marqueur des évolutions des systèmes agricoles et reflètent les choix d’adaptation des agriculteurs aux différentes contraintes qu’ils rencontrent. En France métropolitaine, une tendance à la simplification des successions est observée. Elle se caractérise par une diminution du nombre de cultures, dans le temps, sur un même îlot, et dans l’espace, au sein d’un territoire. Toutefois, cette tendance se traduit différemment selon les contextes territoriaux, économiques et politiques dans lesquels elle s’inscrit. Cette étude s’intéresse aux évolutions des successions de cultures de 2007 à 2022 dans les départements du Maine-et-Loire et de la Loire-Atlantique et aux facteurs explicatifs de ces évolutions. À partir de données d’assolement issues du Registre Parcellaire Graphique et d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’agriculteurs, nous avons montré que sur une période de 15 ans, les successions avaient peu évoluées (57% des îlots caractérisés comme stables ou retournant à l’état observé en 2007-2012). Lorsque des évolutions étaient observées, elles ont été classées suivant trois types principaux : substitutions, changements de stratégies ou ruptures avec un changement d’usage du sol. L’analyse des facteurs d’évolution des successions a montré que trois moteurs principaux étaient mobilisés pour les faire évoluer : les facteurs agronomiques, économiques et les motivations personnelles. Au regard des résultats observés ici, il apparaît nécessaire d’envisager les changements dans les successions de cultures - du fait de politiques publiques (i.e. Plan Ecophyto) - sur le long terme en raison du temps nécessaire à l’adaptation des modèles. Néanmoins, même si les temps de réponse apparaissent longs, les successions de cultures, à travers la diversification notamment, sont un outil pertinent pour accompagner la réduction des PPS.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucie Bodey) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05261862v1
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[hal-05225618] Impacts of cattle farming practices and associated livestock systems on energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions in the municipality of Paragominas - State of Pará - Amazonia
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use are important parameters in the development of sustainable livestock systems. On-farm management practices can maximise energy efficiency and reduce gas emissions, however, these practices have yet to be identified and characterized. This study evaluated the eco-efficiency of cattle farming, considering a combination of the energy balance and GHG emissions from 33 farms in the Brazilian Amazon (Paragominas - Pará), using a diagnostic tool adapted to the region. The farms represented the diverse production systems operating in the area, distinguished by their activity (dairy, breeder, breeder-fattener and fattener), degree of intensification, and agrarian situation (corresponding to the farm’s geographical location and social and economic inclusion in the municipality). Energy efficiency on beef cattle farms is on average 16.29 GJ/t live weight (min = 1.74 GJ/t, max = 43.01 GJ/t), and on dairy farms 2.74 GJ/1000 L (min = 0.17, max = 6.48), i.e., respectively 46% and 40% lower than the figures reported by studies conducted in metropolitan France. Improved grazing enhances natural resources by optimising the use of forage biomass, which has a positive impact on energy efficiencies. The purchase of young animals and fertilisation account for a high percentage of energy consumption, with fuel constituting the major part of the direct energy consumed. GHG emissions are on average 17.40 teqCO 2 /t live weight (min = 6.13, max = 40.85), similar to those of metropolitan France (14 teqCO 2 /t). When emissions from livestock and storage by forests and pastures over 20 years of age are taken into account, farms have a positive carbon balance. The deforestation levels of each farm over the past 20 years have a strong impact on this balance sheet, which can make it negative. This study highlights the effectiveness of the method in identifying systems and practices that could help farms achieve greater sustainability in terms of energy use and GHG emissions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa) 27 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05225618v1
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[hal-05079011] Protecting crops with plant diversity: Agroecological promises, socioeconomic lock-in, and political levers
Plant diversification at field, farm, and landscape scales is a key strategy for protecting crops from pests. But its level of adoption remains confidential, while the overall negative impacts of pesticides are now well established. To understand the obstacles to this adoption, we conducted an extensive review of literature in life and socio-economic sciences. We found that all diversification practices are largely effective in pest control, achieving satisfactory yields and many ecological cobenefits, although context dependent. Plant diversification does not appear solely as an alternative to pesticide-based pest control but as a transformative approach to achieve sustainable agrifood systems. However, its adoption is currently strongly hindered by socioeconomic barriers, including low short-term profitability, rigid agricultural sectors, and limited support from public policies. The most beneficial practices, agroforestry and diversified landscapes, face the greatest obstacles. In contrast, cultivar mixtures, while easier to implement, offer limited cobenefits. Collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and local stakeholders seems essential to scale up plant diversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aude Vialatte) 04 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05079011v1
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[hal-05157838] A collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to territorial and rural development 25 years of the PSDR programme
How can we encourage the emergence and dissemination of knowledge in peripheral areas often considered less innovative due to their remoteness and less technological creativity? For 25 years, the PSDR (For and On Regional Development) program has endeavored to bridge this gap by building a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach taking into account the particularities of rural territories. This article aims to present the contributions of this research program to the creation and dissemination of knowledge in rural areas. The article quickly outlines the evolution of the program through these four major phases, before presenting the management systems that structure it. We then recall some important results from the scientific literature relating to the development issues of rural territories and the role played by the production of knowledge before moving on to the main contributions of this research. Five thematic fields are covered. The evolution of agricultural practices and land governance near cities highlights the changes that have occurred in recent years in an attempt to preserve spaces in a context of city expansion. The links between attractiveness and territorial well-being underline the specific expectations towards rural territories. The agroecological transition of territories emphasizes innovative agricultural practices and obstacles to change, most often within the framework of collective experiments. Work on territorialized food systems analyzes the strategies at work over the past ten years and the governance mechanisms that underpin them. Finally, the bioeconomy and the circular economy are mainly approached from the angle of its social acceptability and technical and organizational conditions. We also insist on the need to combine technological, organizational and territorial innovation and to involve local partners in the design and development of research programs. On these bases rural areas can produce new knowledge that benefits local communities and can be transferred to other sectors or territories.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05157838v1
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[hal-05157855] Presentation of the articles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05157855v1
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[hal-05158848] Les agriculteurs face au capitalisme de plateforme. Une analyse de la résistance aux plateformes numérique par les usages
Les agriculteurs face au capitalisme de plateforme. Une analyse de la résistance aux plateformes numérique par les usages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin Chapus) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05158848v1
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[hal-05190876] Atouts, difficultés et conditions de réussite des thèses interdisciplinaires. Partage d’expériences à INRAE
L'article présente les éléments majeurs d'un séminaire porté par INRAE en juin 2022 sur la pratique des thèses interdisciplinaires, avec la contribution de superviseurs, doctorants et représentants d'écoles doctorales. Entretiens préalables, questionnaires, témoignages, apports en épistémologie et discussions ont montré l'intérêt de ces thèses mais aussi les difficultés liées notamment aux différences conceptuelles et méthodologiques entre disciplines. Les conditions propices au bon déroulement d'une thèse interdisciplinaire sont relatives à un environnement interdisciplinaire, au profil et aux aptitudes du doctorant, ainsi qu'à son accompagnement. Les perspectives de réflexion portent sur l'adaptation du processus de recrutement, le besoin de former encadrants et doctorants à interfacer plusieurs disciplines, l'accompagnement des thèses et l'analyse du devenir des jeunes docteurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christian Ducrot) 29 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05190876v1
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[hal-05190850] Dossier « Coconstruire des démarches participatives pour accompagner les transitions territoriales » - Vers la définition d’outils et méthodes pour le développement de l’agriculture en ville : l’itinéraire METH-EXPAU et ses modes de transfert
L’agriculture urbaine apparaît aujourd’hui comme un levier de la transition écologique des villes et un outil d’éducation, voire de contribution, à l’alimentation durable. De nombreux acteurs de l’aménagement urbain mettent en place des projets sur leurs territoires : jardins collectifs, écopâturage, microfermes participatives, champignonnières, ruches, etc. Toutefois, ces acteurs sont souvent démunis pour définir les formes d’agriculture urbaine adéquates au regard de la spécificité des espaces urbains dont ils disposent et des dynamiques territoriales qui les traversent. L’article porte sur le récit du processus de coconstruction d’un outil adapté pour définir des projets d’agriculture urbaine à l’échelle territoriale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacchè) 29 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05190850v1
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[hal-05288815] Projet MARMITE – typologie des pratiques maraîchères vis-à-vis du travail du sol et des apports de matières organiques
Le maraîchage est aujourd’hui le seul secteur agricole observant une augmentation de son nombre d’exploitations (+1000 entre 2010 et 2020) (Agreste, 2024). Ce secteur présente une importante diversité de systèmes, qui induit une forte diversité de pratiques agricoles, notamment concernant les apports de matières organiques (MO). Des changements sont aujourd’hui observés à travers des pratiques d’amendement et de fertilisation de plus en plus tournées vers des produits résiduaires organiques (PRO) (e.g. digestats, composts…). Par exemple, le Maraîchage sur Sol Vivant place les matières organiques au centre de la gestion de la fertilité afin d'améliorer la santé du sol. L'utilisation de ces MO est justifiée par leur contribution potentielle à la fertilité des sols en agissant sur les propriétés chimiques, physiques et biologiques. Néanmoins, l’apport de grandes quantités de PRO d'origines diverses soulève différents problèmes tels que le lessivage des micro et macro nutriments, des risques de contaminations (in)organiques à court ou moyen terme (Ruch et al, 2023) et des difficultés d'accès aux PRO pour les producteur.ice.s. Ces constats soulignent un besoin de connaissances sur les pratiques existantes, la disponibilité des produits résiduaires organiques à l’échelle d’un territoire donné, ainsi que leurs impacts sur la qualité des sols et la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, le projet MARMITE (2024-2027) a pour ambition de caractériser et analyser différentes stratégies agronomiques dans des systèmes maraîchers vis-à-vis de l’intégration de MO et de travail du sol. A travers une enquête en ligne menée à l’échelle nationale auprès de producteur.ice.s représentant tous les types de systèmes maraîchers / légumiers, notre étude vise à documenter pourquoi et comment ces MO sont utilisées au niveau d'exploitations et peuvent être mobilisées à l’échelle du territoire. Cette enquête nationale est structurée autour de 7 grandes catégories (données générales sur la ferme, mécanisation et travail du sol, gestion des matières organiques et fertilisation, emploi, diversité cultivée, gestion des ravageurs et adventices, commercialisation). Elle est menée depuis février jusqu’au printemps. L’objectif de cette contribution sera de présenter les premiers résultats obtenus par l’analyse statistique des résultats du questionnaire. Il en ressortira les grands types d’exploitations maraîchères en fonction notamment des pratiques de travail du sol et d’apports de matières organiques.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexandra Rapiau) 29 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05288815v1
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[hal-05257423] Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité? The role of spatial inequalities in understanding the determinants of the populist vote in the 2022 French presidential election
In April 2022, the French presidential election was held, where two candidates faced each other in the second round, one who embodied the Europeanist and pro-establishment option (Macron) and the other the populist option (Le Pen). This situation, combined with the high level of spatial disaggregation of socioeconomic information within the French statistical system, makes this case especially interesting for analysing how the persistence of spatial income inequalities at the local level, which 'leaves behind' certain areas from general socioeconomic progress, contributes to the increase in populism and antisystem political options. After applying a model controlling for the spatial dependence of the data and checking endogeneity issues, it is possible to verify that local spatial income truly matters in understanding the dynamics of political discontent. The relative income position of each locality within a group of neighbours is important in the sense that, after controlling for several place-specific characteristics, local areas that are poorer than their neighbours tend to have a higher antisystem vote share, and vice versa. Other relevant conclusions are obtained that confirm and expand conclusions from the 'geography of discontent' literature and remark on the importance of cohesion policies at the local level for reducing the populist vote.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tania Fernández García) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05257423v1
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[hal-05148116] Construire des opportunités de développement au sein de systèmes de travail en transition vers la soutenabilité : réflexions pour l’intervention en ergonomie
Cette communication vise à contribuer aux réflexions sur les théories et les méthodes permettant de penser et construire une « ergonomie développementale ». Elle prend appui sur deux recherche-interventions (RI) dans le secteur agri-alimentaire qui ont la particularité d’accompagner des transitions en train de se faire de systèmes de travail vers la soutenabilité. Le récit de ces deux RI donne à voir la manière dont les ergonomes inscrivent leur démarche dans des dynamiques déjà à l’œuvre qu’il s’agit de comprendre pour agir dedans (et sur) en vue de porter un point de vue sur le travail et ses conditions de réalisation. Ces dynamiques sont appréhendées comme le fruit d’un travail collectif de conception traitant d’un « wicked problem », et se réalisant pas-à-pas et dans le temps long. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs et les formes de développement portés par les ergonomes se dévoilent chemin faisant en co-élaboration avec les parties prenantes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (V Boccara) 07 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05148116v1
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[hal-05148139] Une intervention ergonomique dans une situation d’action publique territorialisée : des apprentissages à partager
Cette communication vise à contribuer aux réflexions sur les démarches d’intervention ergonomique dans (et sur) les situations d’action publique en lien avec le déploiement de politique publique d’écologisation. Nous proposons une analyse réflexive d’une intervention que nous sommes en train de réaliser au sein d’une dynamique collective territoriale visant à accroître la résilience alimentaire d’un territoire situé dans le sud-ouest francilien faisant l’objet d’un Projet Alimentaire Territorial. Nous présentons ce dispositif de politique publique, puis le projet Innovations Couplées pour une Alimentation Durable (ICAD) dans lequel s’inscrit la recherche-intervention réalisée. Nous présentons ensuite la démarche d’intervention que nous mettons en œuvre au sein du PAT qui se structure en cinq étapes, dont une transversale. Cette démarche s’enracine notamment dans la théorie de l’enquête de J. Dewey. Dans une dernière partie, nous mettons en lumière certaines caractéristiques qui nous semblent spécifiques à une situation d’action publique territorialisée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Boccara) 07 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05148139v1
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[hal-05232442] Analysing the diversity of farmers' pesticide use through professional dialogue network analysis
Understanding the mechanisms underlying farmers’ trajectories of change is essential to produce knowledge that informs agricultural extension and advisory services, as well as for adapting policies that facilitate agroecological transitions. In this study, we aimed to understand the influence of information flows between farmers on farmer’s pesticide use trajectories, based on an analysis of professional dialogue networks. We conducted a case study analysis of three groups of farmers within the DEPHY program in France, using Social Network Analysis methods and theories (Compagnone & Hellec, 2015). We first characterized farmers’ pesticide use trajectories through the time-course of the Treatment Frequency Indicator (TFI). Based on interviews with farmers, we identified farmers’ relationships with other farmers, and produced a social network diagram for each case study. Than we characterized farmer’s crop protection practices within the network and the information they exchange, using the concept of “shared repertoires of resources” for action (Wenger, 2011). Finally, we built socio-historical narratives to highlight the transformation processes of the networks over time (Bidart & Degenne, 2005). We show that most farmers maintain relationships with peers and peer groups (both formal and informal), included outside their own DEPHY group. They thus exchange information (knowledge, norms, diagnostic tools and references) that frame their ways of thinking about and implementing crop protection. Some groups build and mobilize mainly pesticide-centered repertoires, while other develop new tools and new norms better suited to low-pesticide agriculture. We highlight that in some cases, the DEPHY public policy-induced farmers groups, aiming to put pesticide reduction into practice, fails to become dialogue spaces where repertoires and practices evolve towards this target. We identified key factors determining the group ability to transform local norms and renew repertoires of resources available for farmers’ action: strong social dynamics existing before the DEPHY group formation, advisor management of the interactions between peers, and the advisor’s long-term stability. These results challenge the idealized vision of peer groups and invite us to broaden our understanding of collective dynamics by focusing on the professional dialogue networks that farmers themselves shape to find support and carry out their practices. We argue that network analysis methods could serve as a useful tool for advisors to map out the dialogue spaces in which they engage with farmers. From an academic perspective, this study underscores the value of integrating two systemic disciplinary fields: farming system research and social network analysis.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emma Le Merlus) 01 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05232442v1
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[hal-04977130] Dynamics of COVID-19 crisis management in hospitals and its long-term effects: An analysis using organizational resilience
This empirical and qualitative study focuses on COVID-19 crisis management in a French hospital, analyzing it from the perspective of organizational resilience to understand its evolution over time. The study identifies adaptation factors during pandemic management, supported by success factors, and it also identifies difficulty factors associated with resilience. These factors are analyzed at the different waves of the pandemic to understand the evolution of organizational resilience across various crisis management temporalities. The results highlight how certain factors initially considered as resilience capabilities, evolve to become vulnerability factors of the sociotechnical system, in particular due to their impacts on healthcare personnel.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nora Oufi) 05 Mar 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04977130v1
