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[hal-05263238] Assessing sustainability and resilience of three dairy value chaines in Southern Mediterrenean countries
[...]
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francesco Accatino) 16 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05263238v1
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[hal-05266907] Assessing the vulnerability of French livestock production to climate and socio-economic change
Climate change poses challenges to French livestock sector, but existing knowledge about its impacts and adaptation strategies vary according to livestock farming systems and regions. The aim of this study is to analyse how climatic and socio-economic changes affect French livestock farming and how these effects vary according to geographical contexts, animal species (ruminant and monogastric) and systems (e.g., pasture-based or landless). To answer this, the study relies on grey literature, including project reports, and expert opinions, which provide insights from those most familiar with regional conditions. A dynamic tracking method was used to cover diverse farming systems and all metropolitan French regions. In addition, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts, such as veterinarians, agricultural advisors, project managers and researchers, selected for their contributions to relevant projects and expertise in livestock farming and climate change adaptation. The data were organized in a grid of analysis that categorises impacts based on their typology, the climate-related stressors causing them and the sectors affected (e.g., animal feed, livestock performance, and water and soil resources), to compare results across regions and livestock systems. Preliminary results show that heat stress is a common problem in all regions: 77% of the surveyed sources indicated negative impacts on animal welfare and productivity. However, other issues, such as emerging diseases, appear more region- and sector-specific (5% of sources). A literature gap was identified regarding the impact of climate change on monogastric livestock production in the French regions, as most studies focus on ruminant systems. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the challenges climate change poses to the French livestock sector and shows how these challenges vary by region. It provides a territorial perspective focusing on animal species, farming systems and stages of the production chain. It provides a base for future discussions between value chain actors on the impact of climate change on livestock farming.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurine Coré--Brazier) 18 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05266907v1
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[hal-05249454] Analyse des successions culturales 2015 -2022 en France : état des lieux du niveau de diversification en agriculture conventionnelle et biologique
L'allongement et la diversification des rotations sont des leviers majeurs pour réduire le recours aux produits phytosanitaires et engrais de synthèse. Face à ces enjeux, il est nécessaire d'acquérir des connaissances sur les successions culturales à échelle géographique fine. A partir des données de séquences de cultures issues du Registre Parcellaire Graphique, et du travail d'un groupe d'experts en agronomie, l'Observatoire du Développement Rural a précédemment produit un jeu d'indicateurs qualifiant les successions sur terres arables, sur la période 2015-2021. Une nouvelle version de ces indicateurs, portant sur 2015-2022, est à présent disponible. Les résultats distinguent désormais les successions en agriculture biologique et conventionnelle. En moyenne, 3.7 cultures sont enregistrées sur 8 années de succession. Les successions sont plus diversifiées en agriculture biologique et comportent beaucoup plus fréquemment des légumineuses. Sur les quatre dernières années de la période, près de 90 % des surfaces ont eu au moins deux cultures différentes, ce qui correspond à la nouvelle norme relative aux rotations introduite dans la PAC 2023-2027.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Sophie Dedieu) 11 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05249454v1
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[hal-05242682] Generic crop rotation pattern-matching algorithm revealed dominant rotational systems for France
Crop rotations remain poorly documented at large spatial scale, despite their central role in agroecosystem sustainability. We present a generic pattern-matching algorithm to infer crop rotations from annual crop sequence datasets, such as those derived from the European Land Parcel Identification System, with minimal crop aggregation. This method identifies field-level rotations, quantifies their flexibility, and enables spatially-explicit assessment of dominant crop and grasslands rotational systems at various spatial and thematic levels. Applied to mainland France, the approach identified crop rotations on 90% of arable area, with four-year rotations -typically including two to three years of flexible crops-being the most common. Nationally, the top 20 rotations accounted for 30% of arable land, while the top 52 covered 50%. At the agricultural district scale, we distinguished 25 dominant rotational systems grouped into eight categories, including (i) maize grain monocropping, (ii) maize grain -winter wheat rotations, (iii) sunflower -winter wheat rotations, (iv) grass-based systems, (v) maize silage -winter wheat rotations, (vi) winter wheat -barley -rapeseed rotations, (vii) root crop-based rotations, and (viii) specialized production. At national scale, organic rotations were longer and more flexible than conventional ones. Rotations of larger farms were longer and temporally more diverse than smaller ones, but showed lower spatial diversity. This scalable, data-driven approach offers new insights into crop rotation patterns and their spatial variability. It can support the large-scale assessment of agroecosystems with quantitative evidences on dominant rotations, but also help at tracking and characterizing localized rotational innovations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ugo Javourez) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05242682v1
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[hal-05253839] Measuring city relationship strength beyond total counts: A multidimensional framework for distinguishing prominence from interdependence and significance
Relying on counting the number of interactions to gauge city relationship strength can be misleading, as volumes often only reflect the prominence of large cities rather than city interdependence. Drawing on statistical concepts of effect size and confidence, this study develops a relationship classification framework that identifies interdependent and statistically significant relationships. For demonstration, this framework is applied to placename co-occurrences in English Wikipedia articles for 100 European cities. Each city relationship is evaluated through five metrics: co-occurrence, mutual information, statistical confidence, a combined mutual information–confidence metric and a relative gravity model. The findings demonstrate that a high co-occurrence, commonly observed between large cities like London and Paris, typically corresponds with high statistical confidence, but does not necessarily imply strong interdependence. By contrast, strongly interdependent relationships tend to be regionally clustered, such as the Dutch Randstad (Amsterdam–Rotterdam–The Hague), the Flemish Diamond (Brussels–Antwerp–Gent) and the Ruhr region (Dusseldorf–Essen–Duisburg). By differentiating relationship types, this framework reveals the complexity of intercity relationships and regional patterns that conventional methods fail to capture, offering a more nuanced understanding of city networks.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wang Tongjing) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05253839v1
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[hal-05242439] Uncovering the diversity of farmers' practices to organise the redesign of a crisis-stricken sector: the case of French cherries
How can we prioritize what needs to be redesigned in an agricultural sector in crisis? The French cherry sector has been facing this question since the arrival of an invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (DS), in 2010. The economic, environmental, and social impacts associated with managing this pest (mental burden, intensive use of pesticide, economic loss, etc.) are jeopardizing the short-term future of the sector. This 'emergency situation' sparks controversies around the management strategies to prioritize (e.g., pesticide use exemptions vs. redesign) as the national and regional players involved in the management of DS lack knowledge of the current farmers' practices and the concrete problems they face in their day-to-day work. While extensive research has focused on the biology of DS, this study aims to uncover the diversity of farmers' cherry practices to bring reflexivity to collectively discuss priorities for redesigning the sociotechnical cherry system, considering emergencies. The study highlights different farmers' flies management logics and ways to address the DS issue in different situations (e.g. a highly diversified farm on a plain vs. a specialised farm on slopes). It also shed light on situated problems encountered by farmers when managing DS (e.g. work organisation, ethical issues, investment), which contrasts with the way in which national players tackle this issue. These results aim to be used in a near future to support the redesign of the sector, considering emergencies, in different design spaces involving actors engaged in the management of DS. Our results also contribute to the development of methods to support collective reflexivity in design processes in emergency situations.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Hugo Bourgez) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05242439v1
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[hal-05263694] Analysis of situations of use to design tools to help change practices
To help farmers change their practices, a growing number of tools are being offered to them and their advisers. One of the challenges is to design these tools so that they effectively and efficiently support those wishing to transform their practices. To meet this challenge, we use an approach based on an analysis of the activity that the tool to be designed should help to change. This analysis highlights the 'mediations' that the tool can support between an actor and the object of their action. Based on three completed projects (APPI'N, MoCoRiBa, DeciFlorSys), we demonstrate the impact of this approach on the design process, in terms of: (i) the properties of the tool to be designed and the mediations it supports; (ii) the forms of user involvement; and (iii) the design activity itself.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marianne Cerf) 16 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05263694v1
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[hal-05114020] Testing a low-complexity spatially distributed model to simulate the intra-annual dynamics of soil erosion and sediment delivery
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Francis Matthews) 16 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05114020v1
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[hal-05257591] The decline of climate skepticism in France: An analysis of climate change attitudes over the last two decades
This article analyzes the evolution of public attitudes toward climate change in France. In the context of a challenging economic environment, the climate crisis continues to be a significant concern for the French populace, a concern that is exacerbated by the increasing frequency of climate-related disasters globally. Utilizing a logit model applied to four waves of a longitudinal survey conducted in 2000, 2010, 2019, and 2021, our findings indicate a noteworthy decline in climate skepticism. This reduction is correlated with an enhanced recognition of the scientific consensus on climate change and a broader adoption of environmentally responsible behaviors. Our analysis reveals significant associations between political orientation and climate skepticism: individuals who voted for far-right parties demonstrate a higher propensity for skepticism, whereas those who supported environmentalist parties exhibit a lower likelihood of skepticism. These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing efforts to communicate climate science effectively, promote pro-environmental behaviors, and acknowledge the pivotal role of political actors in mitigating climate skepticism.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sébastien Bourdin) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05257591v1
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[hal-05238188] Understanding and supporting a territory's transition towards zero pesticide use: the case of the western plain of Montpellier. Co-designing agrifood systems across scales: methods and tools for multi-actor approaches
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Myrto Parmantier) 03 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05238188v1
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[hal-05230396] PHYTOS-EXPLORER: SUPPORTING DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING TO REDUCE PESTICIDE USE AT THE TERRITORIAL SCALE
Monitoring pesticide use at the territorial scale is imperative for evaluating environmental policies, guiding local action plans, and mitigating risks to ecosystems, human health, and biodiversity. However, the scarcity of fine-scale data on pesticide applications poses a significant challenge in this regard. The Phytos-Explorer tool has been developed for the purpose of spatially disaggregating pesticide sales data and combining it with high-resolution land use information, approved product uses, and local expertise. The tool utilises a range of data sources, including national pesticide sales records (BNVD), agricultural parcel data (LPIS), and geographical land cover datasets, to allocate pesticide use estimates to particular crops and landscapes. This process is then validated through the application of expert knowledge and case studies. The application of the model across four contrasting territories demonstrated its ability to capture inter-annual trends, substitution dynamics, and crop-specific usage patterns. The validation process against ground-truth data demonstrated the efficacy of fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators, with the performance of insecticides being comparatively lower. The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of incorporating local expertise in order to enhance the accuracy of the results. Whilst the present limitations encompass reporting delays and uncertainties associated with on-farm stockpiling, Phytos-Explorer evinces considerable potential to facilitate evidence-based decision-making for farmers, land managers and policymakers by enabling targeted interventions and tracking progress towards pesticide reduction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marco Carozzi) 29 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05230396v1
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[hal-05230402] PHYTOS-EXPLORER: supporting data-driven decisionmaking to reduce pesticide use at the territorial scale Session: Farming Practice Diversity in Agroecological Transitions: From Typologies to Analytical Tools
Monitoring pesticide use at the territorial scale is imperative for evaluating environmental policies, guiding local action plans, and mitigating risks to ecosystems, human health, and biodiversity. However, the scarcity of fine-scale data on pesticide applications poses a significant challenge in this regard. The Phytos-Explorer tool has been developed for the purpose of spatially disaggregating pesticide sales data and combining it with high-resolution land use information, approved product uses, and local expertise. The tool utilises a range of data sources, including national pesticide sales records (BNVD), agricultural parcel data (LPIS), and geographical land cover datasets, to allocate pesticide use estimates to particular crops and landscapes. This process is then validated through the application of expert knowledge and case studies. The application of the model across four contrasting territories demonstrated its ability to capture inter-annual trends, substitution dynamics, and crop-specific usage patterns. The validation process against ground-truth data demonstrated the efficacy of fungicides, herbicides, and growth regulators, with the performance of insecticides being comparatively lower. The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of incorporating local expertise in order to enhance the accuracy of the results. Whilst the present limitations encompass reporting delays and uncertainties associated with on-farm stockpiling, Phytos-Explorer evinces considerable potential to facilitate evidence-based decision-making for farmers, land managers and policymakers by enabling targeted interventions and tracking progress towards pesticide reduction.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marco Carozzi) 29 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05230402v1
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[hal-05242037] How Assessment Methods Support The Design Of Pesticide Free Territories
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Rosan de Lange) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05242037v1
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[hal-05251440] Flexible crop rotation identification and classification: New tool and application to France
Flexible crop rotation identification and classification: New tool and application to France.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ugo Javourez) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05251440v1
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[hal-05246536] Methods for systemic design in agrifood systems
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy) 09 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05246536v1
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[hal-05246569] Systems approach and design in agronomy: past, present and future
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jean-Marc Meynard) 09 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05246569v1
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[hal-05233595] Tracking on-farm innovations related to agroecological principles in french trout farming
Worldwide aquaculture production is increasing in volume and expected to contribute more to the production of human-edible food (FAO 2024). In France, trout (production of 35 000 t/yr) is the fish produced most in freshwater aquaculture. It is sustained by a dynamic national market, but the volume of production has remained stable over the last 20 years. To develop, fish farming faces several issues, such as decreasing waste emissions into the environment, accessing and using water sparingly (in quantity and quality), and feeding fish without using natural resources (e.g., fishmeal and fish oil) from wild-captured forage fish. Ultimately, fish farming needs to be redesigned in a sustainable way (Tacon et al. 2010; Diana et al. 2013). To this end, agroecological principles, defined for animal production, seem relevant. They consider specific characteristics of local conditions to decrease negative impacts, while promoting metabolic regulations of fish farms, depending upon the territory considered (Dumont et al. 2013). In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize innovative practices already adopted by trout farmers and to relate them to agroecological principles. Methods The hypothesis formulated was that some trout farmers have already adopted one or more agroecological innovations. Tracking of on-farm innovation (Salembier et al. 2021) was the method used to detect these innovations in France. The method consisted of five stages: •Formulating an innovation-tracking project: to define what is innovative, the dominant system(s) must first be defined. To this end, through semi-directed interviews, nine experts described their representation of the dominant system(s). •Identifying on-farm innovations: the same nine experts were asked to identify trout farmers who performed practices that they considered innovative (i.e., different from those in the dominant system(s)) and agroecological. Based on their recommendations, 27 fish farmers were interviewed. •Understanding the innovations: information was collected to help understand and describe the reasoning behind innovations away from the dominant system(s). This stage also characterized the goals, organization, strengths, and weakness of the fish farms, and assessed the fish farmers’ satisfaction with their innovative practices. •Assessing lessons learned from the innovations: this stage identified obstacles to innovations, mechanisms that promoted innovations, how fish farmers’ practices evolved on their farms, and what they learned from it. •Generating fish-farming knowledge: this stage generated and organized knowledge about the innovations identified in order to use it to help design innovative systems. Results The dominant systems The experts described two dominant systems. In the first, the “mass-market” system (MMS), trout are produced to supply collective slaughtering-processing factories for human consumption. In the second, the “direct-sale” system (DSS), trout are produced for direct sale to consumers for human consumption, with or without processing, or for restocking rivers for angling. MMS uses trout monoculture, employs technical workers, reaches fish densities of up to 100 kg/m3, optimizes growth performance, and uses machines to control water quality (i.e., supply oxygen, filter water). In contrast, DSS produces several salmonid species, has fish farmers who work alone or with a family member, and reaches fish densities of up to 30 kg/m3. Innovations identified On the 27 trout farms surveyed, 4 innovative practices related to agroecology were identified. One of them aimed to limit negative effects of a fish parasite in river water by changing fish management at early stages of trout growth. Another aimed to decrease environmental impacts caused by using feed that contained fishmeal by replacing the latter with insects or processed animal protein. Another combined vegetable production with fish production in the same system to use fish waste as a nutrient source for the vegetables. The last one aimed to help preserve kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) populations by producing more trout fingerlings, which compensated for the amount of fish that the trout preyed upon on the fish farm. Discussion and perspectives To our knowledge, no previous studies have surveyed trout farms about agroecological innovations. The hypothesis that agroecological innovations already exist on trout farms was confirmed. Although most of the experts considered innovative practices to be new technologies, without considering agroecological aspects, the method of tracking on-farm innovations helped identify innovative practices and understand how they operated and evolved. The practices identified are expected to help design an agroecological trout farm in future workshops based on concept-knowledge theory (Hatchuel and Weil 2009), in particular by going beyond “design fixation”, which could limit the resulting design. The subsequent goal will be to set up the agroecological trout farm to perform experiments with it.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christophe Jaeger) 01 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05233595v1
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[hal-05241705] Facilitating assessment of the sustainability of cropping systems by understanding use situations
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nicolas Cavan) 05 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05241705v1
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[hal-05240510] Exploring machinery management logics for implementing species mixtures: insights from agronomy
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Esther Fouillet) 04 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05240510v1
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[hal-05209626] Innovation couplée
Les innovations couplées désignent des innovations conçues de manière coordonnée alors qu’elles relèvent de domaines d’innovation généralement gérés par différents acteurs et/ou de manière indépendante. Au cours d’un processus d’innovation couplée, des innovations techniques, organisationnelles, institutionnelles et/ou sociales sont combinées, de façon cohérente, pour résoudre un problème complexe et/ou contribuer au déverrouillage des systèmes sociotechniques. Notons que le terme « innovation couplée » désigne à la fois un processus d’innovation et la/les innovation(s) qui en résultent.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Margot Leclère) 25 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05209626v1
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[hal-05258711] Thematic Encyclopedia of Regional Science
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258711v1
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[hal-05049267] Sex ratio and fertility preferences in India: A longitudinal analysis
Birth control policies and entrenched patriarchal norms have contributed to a highly imbalanced male/female ratio in India. While the impact of son preference on the sex ratio is largely studied, the consequences of a maleskewed sex ratio on women's fertility preferences remain underexplored. Merging different longitudinal datasets (Indian Census and IHDS panel household survey), this article provides an original empirical analysis of the effect of district-level sex ratios on women's fertility preferences and the nested pathways of this relationship. Individual and time fixed-effects regressions show that district-level surplus of men negatively affects women's desired number of sons. The robustness of these findings is confirmed after conducting multiple checks, including controlling for endogeneity by leveraging temperature data from the India meteorological department (1952-2011). The investigation of potential pathways shows that a higher district male/female ratio may make gender norms and the marriage market more favorable to women (via an increase in decision-making power and age of marriage, and a decrease in the dowry price and domestic violence acceptance). We conclude that this self-corrective process which shapes the relationship between sex ratio and son preference in contexts of entrenched patriarchal norms, hinders gender equality.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Matthieu Clément) 28 Apr 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05049267v1
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[hal-05258531] François Perroux (1903–1987): Father of French Regional Science and Growth Pole Theory
In this chapter, André Torre describes François Perroux as one of the fathers of regional science and undoubtedly the founder of French and French-speaking regional science in the 1950s and 1960s. His theoretical contributions take into account in an essential way the question of space and the regional and local dimensions. He incorporated these dimensions into an original theory of growth and development, which has had an impressive posterity and is still influential today in terms of development principles. Perroux made important contributions to economic analysis, especially in terms of growth and development processes, domains where he has adopted a non-standard and often evolutionary approach. Finally, as a pragmatic economist, he has seen his ideas and principles spread throughout the world, with the implementation of many development policies inspired by his research, so that his influence is still major today, in particular with regard to unbalanced growth issues and the development paths of emerging regions or countries. The purpose of this chapter is to recall the essential contribution of François Perroux to social sciences and, especially, to regional science. His contribution is important in several respects, whether it concerns his theoretical elaborations in the field of development, especially growth pole and economic space theory; his applications of growth pole theory; his role as an adviser in many developing countries; or his intellectual leadership in the creation of a French-speaking Section of the Regional Science Association.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258531v1
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[hal-05258071] New proximities during and after the Covid 19 pandemic
Various proximities played a central role in the Covid-19 crisis, whether they promoted the spread of the pandemic, reduced human and social interactions, or allowed for exchange and contact at a distance. But they were also profoundly affected by the pandemic. Geographical proximity became dangerous and deadly, while distance-organized proximity increasingly developed through the use of ICTs. Both were associated with a dramatic rise in social and spatial inequalities. The object of this article is the analysis of how the pandemic reveals and modify both the functioning and the impact of proximities on our lives, from the examination of notions such as social distancing, lockdown or teleworking, and the use of proxemics. We conclude on the difficulty for a society to live at a distance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05258071v1
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[hal-05076549] Changes in cropping systems associated with biogas plants in French cereal-growing areas
CONTEXT Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process that produces a renewable gas (biogas) and an organic fertilizer (digestate). Energy cover crops, grown between two main crops, are expected to become the predominant AD feedstock in France and other European countries, potentially reshaping cropping systems and agricultural practices. However, farming systems linked to AD remain understudied, potentially leading to AD assessments disconnected from actual farming practices. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to address this gap by characterizing the cropping system changes in French farms associated with biogas plants mainly relying on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions and to discuss the differences with agricultural practices usually considered in AD assessments. METHODS We conducted interviews on 33 farms in French cereal-growing regions between late 2020 and 2023 to characterize changes in cropping systems of non-livestock farms associated with AD. The interview guide covered general farm and biogas plant information, main crop and energy cover crop management, farm-scale fertilization and digestate management. Land cover changes before and after AD were considered, as well as the calculation of a simplified farm-scale nutrient (N, P and K) balance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Key findings revealed that energy cover crops were grown on an average of 30 % of farm surfaces each year. They were generally treated with pesticides, and irrigated on half of the surveyed farms when cultivated in summer. Their introduction implied significant reductions in surfaces of crops with longer growing periods, such as wheat and rapeseed, while the surface of barley, maize and other cereal crops increased. Yield losses of −10 % to −40 % in main crops following winter energy cover crops were reported by 39 % of respondents, who mainly attributed them to delayed sowing dates of summer crops, resulting in a shorter growth period. Potential fertilizer savings achievable through digestate application varied across farms and were positively correlated with the proportion of agro-industrial byproducts in the digester. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first description of agricultural practices of non-livestock farms with AD based mainly on energy cover crops in cereal-growing regions. It highlights discrepancies between observed practices and those considered in AD assessments. Future local or national assessments of AD should account for actual on-farm practices, evaluating the impacts of climate change and the potential water scarcity on cropping systems with AD. This is necessary to mitigate any adverse effects resulting from the energy transition.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 21 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05076549v1
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[hal-05261862] Evolutions des successions de cultures à l'échelle d'un territoire à l’échelle d'un territoire : le Maine-et-Loire et la Loire-Atlantique
La transition agroécologique des systèmes agricoles doit conduire à un abandon des produits phytosanitaires de synthèse (PPS). De nombreux travaux s’intéressent aux voies de transitions et aux innovations permettant de se passer de ces produits. Les successions de culture sont un des leviers au sein des systèmes de culture qui sont fréquemment mobilisés pour leurs effets de courts et longs termes sur la levée de la dépendance aux PPS. Les successions de cultures sont également un marqueur des évolutions des systèmes agricoles et reflètent les choix d’adaptation des agriculteurs aux différentes contraintes qu’ils rencontrent. En France métropolitaine, une tendance à la simplification des successions est observée. Elle se caractérise par une diminution du nombre de cultures, dans le temps, sur un même îlot, et dans l’espace, au sein d’un territoire. Toutefois, cette tendance se traduit différemment selon les contextes territoriaux, économiques et politiques dans lesquels elle s’inscrit. Cette étude s’intéresse aux évolutions des successions de cultures de 2007 à 2022 dans les départements du Maine-et-Loire et de la Loire-Atlantique et aux facteurs explicatifs de ces évolutions. À partir de données d’assolement issues du Registre Parcellaire Graphique et d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’agriculteurs, nous avons montré que sur une période de 15 ans, les successions avaient peu évoluées (57% des îlots caractérisés comme stables ou retournant à l’état observé en 2007-2012). Lorsque des évolutions étaient observées, elles ont été classées suivant trois types principaux : substitutions, changements de stratégies ou ruptures avec un changement d’usage du sol. L’analyse des facteurs d’évolution des successions a montré que trois moteurs principaux étaient mobilisés pour les faire évoluer : les facteurs agronomiques, économiques et les motivations personnelles. Au regard des résultats observés ici, il apparaît nécessaire d’envisager les changements dans les successions de cultures - du fait de politiques publiques (i.e. Plan Ecophyto) - sur le long terme en raison du temps nécessaire à l’adaptation des modèles. Néanmoins, même si les temps de réponse apparaissent longs, les successions de cultures, à travers la diversification notamment, sont un outil pertinent pour accompagner la réduction des PPS.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lucie Bodey) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05261862v1
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[hal-05225618] Impacts of cattle farming practices and associated livestock systems on energy balances and greenhouse gas emissions in the municipality of Paragominas - State of Pará - Amazonia
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use are important parameters in the development of sustainable livestock systems. On-farm management practices can maximise energy efficiency and reduce gas emissions, however, these practices have yet to be identified and characterized. This study evaluated the eco-efficiency of cattle farming, considering a combination of the energy balance and GHG emissions from 33 farms in the Brazilian Amazon (Paragominas - Pará), using a diagnostic tool adapted to the region. The farms represented the diverse production systems operating in the area, distinguished by their activity (dairy, breeder, breeder-fattener and fattener), degree of intensification, and agrarian situation (corresponding to the farm’s geographical location and social and economic inclusion in the municipality). Energy efficiency on beef cattle farms is on average 16.29 GJ/t live weight (min = 1.74 GJ/t, max = 43.01 GJ/t), and on dairy farms 2.74 GJ/1000 L (min = 0.17, max = 6.48), i.e., respectively 46% and 40% lower than the figures reported by studies conducted in metropolitan France. Improved grazing enhances natural resources by optimising the use of forage biomass, which has a positive impact on energy efficiencies. The purchase of young animals and fertilisation account for a high percentage of energy consumption, with fuel constituting the major part of the direct energy consumed. GHG emissions are on average 17.40 teqCO 2 /t live weight (min = 6.13, max = 40.85), similar to those of metropolitan France (14 teqCO 2 /t). When emissions from livestock and storage by forests and pastures over 20 years of age are taken into account, farms have a positive carbon balance. The deforestation levels of each farm over the past 20 years have a strong impact on this balance sheet, which can make it negative. This study highlights the effectiveness of the method in identifying systems and practices that could help farms achieve greater sustainability in terms of energy use and GHG emissions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa) 27 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05225618v1
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[hal-05079011] Protecting crops with plant diversity: Agroecological promises, socioeconomic lock-in, and political levers
Plant diversification at field, farm, and landscape scales is a key strategy for protecting crops from pests. But its level of adoption remains confidential, while the overall negative impacts of pesticides are now well established. To understand the obstacles to this adoption, we conducted an extensive review of literature in life and socio-economic sciences. We found that all diversification practices are largely effective in pest control, achieving satisfactory yields and many ecological cobenefits, although context dependent. Plant diversification does not appear solely as an alternative to pesticide-based pest control but as a transformative approach to achieve sustainable agrifood systems. However, its adoption is currently strongly hindered by socioeconomic barriers, including low short-term profitability, rigid agricultural sectors, and limited support from public policies. The most beneficial practices, agroforestry and diversified landscapes, face the greatest obstacles. In contrast, cultivar mixtures, while easier to implement, offer limited cobenefits. Collaboration between scientists, policymakers, and local stakeholders seems essential to scale up plant diversification.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Aude Vialatte) 04 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05079011v1
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[hal-05157855] Presentation of the articles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05157855v1
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[hal-05157838] A collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to territorial and rural development 25 years of the PSDR programme
How can we encourage the emergence and dissemination of knowledge in peripheral areas often considered less innovative due to their remoteness and less technological creativity? For 25 years, the PSDR (For and On Regional Development) program has endeavored to bridge this gap by building a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach taking into account the particularities of rural territories. This article aims to present the contributions of this research program to the creation and dissemination of knowledge in rural areas. The article quickly outlines the evolution of the program through these four major phases, before presenting the management systems that structure it. We then recall some important results from the scientific literature relating to the development issues of rural territories and the role played by the production of knowledge before moving on to the main contributions of this research. Five thematic fields are covered. The evolution of agricultural practices and land governance near cities highlights the changes that have occurred in recent years in an attempt to preserve spaces in a context of city expansion. The links between attractiveness and territorial well-being underline the specific expectations towards rural territories. The agroecological transition of territories emphasizes innovative agricultural practices and obstacles to change, most often within the framework of collective experiments. Work on territorialized food systems analyzes the strategies at work over the past ten years and the governance mechanisms that underpin them. Finally, the bioeconomy and the circular economy are mainly approached from the angle of its social acceptability and technical and organizational conditions. We also insist on the need to combine technological, organizational and territorial innovation and to involve local partners in the design and development of research programs. On these bases rural areas can produce new knowledge that benefits local communities and can be transferred to other sectors or territories.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05157838v1
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[hal-05158848] Les agriculteurs face au capitalisme de plateforme. Une analyse de la résistance aux plateformes numérique par les usages
Les agriculteurs face au capitalisme de plateforme. Une analyse de la résistance aux plateformes numérique par les usages.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Quentin Chapus) 11 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05158848v1
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[hal-05190850] Dossier « Coconstruire des démarches participatives pour accompagner les transitions territoriales » - Vers la définition d’outils et méthodes pour le développement de l’agriculture en ville : l’itinéraire METH-EXPAU et ses modes de transfert
L’agriculture urbaine apparaît aujourd’hui comme un levier de la transition écologique des villes et un outil d’éducation, voire de contribution, à l’alimentation durable. De nombreux acteurs de l’aménagement urbain mettent en place des projets sur leurs territoires : jardins collectifs, écopâturage, microfermes participatives, champignonnières, ruches, etc. Toutefois, ces acteurs sont souvent démunis pour définir les formes d’agriculture urbaine adéquates au regard de la spécificité des espaces urbains dont ils disposent et des dynamiques territoriales qui les traversent. L’article porte sur le récit du processus de coconstruction d’un outil adapté pour définir des projets d’agriculture urbaine à l’échelle territoriale.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacchè) 29 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05190850v1
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[hal-05190876] Atouts, difficultés et conditions de réussite des thèses interdisciplinaires. Partage d’expériences à INRAE
L'article présente les éléments majeurs d'un séminaire porté par INRAE en juin 2022 sur la pratique des thèses interdisciplinaires, avec la contribution de superviseurs, doctorants et représentants d'écoles doctorales. Entretiens préalables, questionnaires, témoignages, apports en épistémologie et discussions ont montré l'intérêt de ces thèses mais aussi les difficultés liées notamment aux différences conceptuelles et méthodologiques entre disciplines. Les conditions propices au bon déroulement d'une thèse interdisciplinaire sont relatives à un environnement interdisciplinaire, au profil et aux aptitudes du doctorant, ainsi qu'à son accompagnement. Les perspectives de réflexion portent sur l'adaptation du processus de recrutement, le besoin de former encadrants et doctorants à interfacer plusieurs disciplines, l'accompagnement des thèses et l'analyse du devenir des jeunes docteurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Christian Ducrot) 29 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05190876v1
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[hal-05257423] Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité? The role of spatial inequalities in understanding the determinants of the populist vote in the 2022 French presidential election
In April 2022, the French presidential election was held, where two candidates faced each other in the second round, one who embodied the Europeanist and pro-establishment option (Macron) and the other the populist option (Le Pen). This situation, combined with the high level of spatial disaggregation of socioeconomic information within the French statistical system, makes this case especially interesting for analysing how the persistence of spatial income inequalities at the local level, which 'leaves behind' certain areas from general socioeconomic progress, contributes to the increase in populism and antisystem political options. After applying a model controlling for the spatial dependence of the data and checking endogeneity issues, it is possible to verify that local spatial income truly matters in understanding the dynamics of political discontent. The relative income position of each locality within a group of neighbours is important in the sense that, after controlling for several place-specific characteristics, local areas that are poorer than their neighbours tend to have a higher antisystem vote share, and vice versa. Other relevant conclusions are obtained that confirm and expand conclusions from the 'geography of discontent' literature and remark on the importance of cohesion policies at the local level for reducing the populist vote.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Tania Fernández García) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05257423v1
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[hal-05148116] Construire des opportunités de développement au sein de systèmes de travail en transition vers la soutenabilité : réflexions pour l’intervention en ergonomie
Cette communication vise à contribuer aux réflexions sur les théories et les méthodes permettant de penser et construire une « ergonomie développementale ». Elle prend appui sur deux recherche-interventions (RI) dans le secteur agri-alimentaire qui ont la particularité d’accompagner des transitions en train de se faire de systèmes de travail vers la soutenabilité. Le récit de ces deux RI donne à voir la manière dont les ergonomes inscrivent leur démarche dans des dynamiques déjà à l’œuvre qu’il s’agit de comprendre pour agir dedans (et sur) en vue de porter un point de vue sur le travail et ses conditions de réalisation. Ces dynamiques sont appréhendées comme le fruit d’un travail collectif de conception traitant d’un « wicked problem », et se réalisant pas-à-pas et dans le temps long. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs et les formes de développement portés par les ergonomes se dévoilent chemin faisant en co-élaboration avec les parties prenantes.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (V Boccara) 07 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05148116v1
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[hal-05148139] Une intervention ergonomique dans une situation d’action publique territorialisée : des apprentissages à partager
Cette communication vise à contribuer aux réflexions sur les démarches d’intervention ergonomique dans (et sur) les situations d’action publique en lien avec le déploiement de politique publique d’écologisation. Nous proposons une analyse réflexive d’une intervention que nous sommes en train de réaliser au sein d’une dynamique collective territoriale visant à accroître la résilience alimentaire d’un territoire situé dans le sud-ouest francilien faisant l’objet d’un Projet Alimentaire Territorial. Nous présentons ce dispositif de politique publique, puis le projet Innovations Couplées pour une Alimentation Durable (ICAD) dans lequel s’inscrit la recherche-intervention réalisée. Nous présentons ensuite la démarche d’intervention que nous mettons en œuvre au sein du PAT qui se structure en cinq étapes, dont une transversale. Cette démarche s’enracine notamment dans la théorie de l’enquête de J. Dewey. Dans une dernière partie, nous mettons en lumière certaines caractéristiques qui nous semblent spécifiques à une situation d’action publique territorialisée.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vincent Boccara) 07 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05148139v1
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[hal-04977130] Dynamics of COVID-19 crisis management in hospitals and its long-term effects: An analysis using organizational resilience
This empirical and qualitative study focuses on COVID-19 crisis management in a French hospital, analyzing it from the perspective of organizational resilience to understand its evolution over time. The study identifies adaptation factors during pandemic management, supported by success factors, and it also identifies difficulty factors associated with resilience. These factors are analyzed at the different waves of the pandemic to understand the evolution of organizational resilience across various crisis management temporalities. The results highlight how certain factors initially considered as resilience capabilities, evolve to become vulnerability factors of the sociotechnical system, in particular due to their impacts on healthcare personnel.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nora Oufi) 05 Mar 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04977130v1
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[hal-05254933] Territorial Circular Economy
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05254933v1
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[hal-05209016] Gobernanza, desarrollo, aprendizajes e instrumentos: desafíos para los territorios
Los aprendizajes territoriales sustentan los procesos de desarrollo territorial y gobernanza, nacen en la utilización de los instrumentos y dispositivos que permiten la implementación de la gobernanza territorial. Comprender los mecanismos de gobernanza territorial es necesario para promover el desarrollo territorial y la sostenibilidad. Uno de los principales desafíos es identificar los objetivos, las preocupaciones de las poblaciones locales y facilitar la implicación de los actores en los procesos de desarrollo territorial. Podemos interrogarnos entonces de: ¿cómo se configuran estas dinámicas? ¿Cómo se ajustan los objetivos de los actores y se construyen los proyectos de desarrollo? Los actores incorporan en sus esquemas de decisión las informaciones y los conocimientos producidos en las situaciones de cooperación, tensiones o conflictos, así también los resultados de las acciones emprendidas, exitosas o no, para apropiarse de los instrumentos, propuestos por el Estado, para desviarlos o para crear nuevos instrumentos. Este artículo se fundamenta en trabajos de investigación e intervención realizados durante los últimos 30 años en Francia (metropolitana y ultramarina) y en el extranjero (Argentina, Brasil, Cuba, Chile, Francia, Portugal, Burkina Faso y Camerún).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (André Torre) 13 Aug 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05209016v1
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[hal-05244191] Exemple du Parcours Newlink (BETTER) : nouveau maillon de la collecte et de la redistribution d’invendus en ville
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Barbara Redlingshofer) 08 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05244191v1
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[hal-05257789] Creating territorial value through circular economy: why proximities matter?
The circular economy ( CE ) represents a strategic approach to improving business sustainability. Worldwide, many companies have been adopting or implementing circular initiatives. However, the contribution of these circular practices to territorial value creation remains insufficiently explored. This study examines how CE initiatives generate territorial value through the activation of different forms of proximity—geographical, relational and institutional. Based on 70 semistructured interviews with 51 stakeholders in the Kamouraska region (Canada) and in La Rochelle (France), this research discusses how businesses, policymakers and community actors collaborate to optimise resource flows, foster innovation and enhance environmental performance. The findings reveal that CE initiatives strengthen local socio‐economic networks, facilitate knowledge cocreation and improve firms' adaptability to sustainability transitions. The use of proximity mechanisms enables companies to embed CE principles more effectively in their strategic models, which increases resilience and competitiveness. The results emphasise the importance of integrating CE beyond firm‐level practices and recognising the role of territorial governance in supporting sustainable regional or territorial ecosystems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Chedrak Chembessi) 15 Sep 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05257789v1
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[hal-05137455] Accompagner à la reconception des systèmes agricoles
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Lorène Prost) 01 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05137455v1
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[hal-05024043] Cross-national comparison of French and US school food policy and implications
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah Stapleton) 07 Apr 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05024043v1
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[hal-05149896] L’agriculture de régénération, un modèle consensuel pour les transitions agricoles et alimentaires dans le Ternois-7 Vallées ?
Face aux limites des systèmes agricoles et alimentaires (SAA) actuellement dominants, la nécessité de leurs transitions est apirmée. Mais les finalités des transitions peuvent être dipérentes selon les acteurs. Il est par conséquent important de comprendre leurs représentations afin de tenir compte des relations de pouvoir qui peuvent orienter les transitions. Cet enjeu est particulièrement fort dans le Ternois 7 Vallées (Pas-de-Calais), du fait de la présence de nombreux groupes agroalimentaires puissants et des besoins de coordination des initiatives. Pour questionner les visions des transitions qui coexistent, les modèles défendus et leurs éventuelles synergies et contradictions, nous nous sommes appuyés sur des entretiens et ateliers avec divers acteurs des SAA. Les discours recueillis montrent des divergences dans les modèles agricoles soutenus selon les types d’acteurs. Tandis que l’agriculture de régénération (AR) est mise en avant par la quasi-intégralité des industries interrogées (9 sur 10), les agriculteurs, structures d’accompagnement et collectivités locales évoquent plus souvent l’agriculture biologique et l’agriculture de conservation des sols. Surtout, des doutes sont émis sur les démarches d’AR lancées par les filières, qui seraient un moyen d’améliorer leur image sans consentir aux eports que nécessiterait un véritable changement de modèle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Gaël Bohnert) 08 Jul 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05149896v1
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[hal-04240404] Quelles préconisations pour aménager une agriculture urbaine favorable à la santé ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emmanuelle Faure) 13 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-04240404v1
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[hal-05100658] Territoires industriels en milieu urbain
À l’heure de la nécessité conjointe d’à la fois réindustrialiser nos territoires et favoriser une transformation des villes qui combine l’inclusion sociale et la responsabilité environnementale, cet ouvrage propose un regard réflexif sur les villes historiquement industrialisées et en transition, à travers des initiatives menées à Rouen, en Normandie et au-delà. Dans cette optique, s’est tenu le premier séminaire de la Chaire UsinoVerT Usines & Territoires à Rouen le 17 novembre 2023, à partir duquel cet ouvrage a été conçu. Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur deux constats : I. Le premier constat a trait à la nécessaire attention qui doit être portée à la singularité des contextes locaux et à l’importance de l’ancrage territorial, composé des repères historiques, culturels, géographiques, ainsi que de l’imaginaire collectif, c’est-à-dire de l’idée que les gens se font du lieu, du rôle de celui-ci, de sa mission, du sens qu’il doit donner au territoire. C’est par l’attention portée à ce prisme local et à l’échelle humaine que l’on sera capable de mieux saisir la complexité des relations entre les activités industrielles et le milieu urbain. L’idée est de réfléchir sur des initiatives innovantes pour développer des activités qui permettent de renforcer et de (re)dynamiser les liens entre les tissus industriels, environnementaux et sociaux, en pariant sur les acteurs locaux, de manière à s’inscrire dans un monde en réseau. II. Le second constat repose sur l’intérêt d’approches interdisciplinaires et systémiques pour mieux comprendre les chances de succès d’initiatives visant à créer ou recréer du lien usine/territoire et faire de l’usine de demain un rouage intégré, sur tous les plans, dans son environnement : démarches scientifiques sur impacts environnementaux, diagnostics de projets de réhabilitations et de requalifications, intégration sociétale via de nouvelles instances de concertation et de collaboration entre industriels, citoyens et pouvoirs publics. Pour ce faire, cet ouvrage articule les points de vue d’experts, de chercheurs, de porteurs de projets et de retours d’expériences, d’industriels et de citoyens, et plus généralement de parties prenantes impliquées dans cette volonté de redonner aux territoires industriels une place dans la ville de demain, tant sur les plans économiques et environnementaux que dans leur contribution à des territoires plus durables et plus résilients.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Anne Barbillon) 06 Jun 2025
https://hal.science/hal-05100658v1
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[hal-05110544] Design and evaluation of fertilization rule-based strategy with APSIM-Wheat Model: For a climate responsive and risk proofing fertilization in Morocco
Crop simulation models are essential decision support tools, particularly in regions with highly variable climates, as they help farmers optimize crop management practices. In Moroccan rainfed areas, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization strategies are critical for making informed decisions about the timing and quantity of application to maximize income. This research presents an innovative rule-based approach that integrates the APSIM crop simulation model to enhance nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization recommendations, tailored specifically for implementation at farmers' field levels. This study compares four N- and P-fertilization strategies: two rule-based strategies derived from the APSIM model using historical climate data and current-year rainfall, and two recommendations from empirical models commonly used by Moroccan farmers and advisers (Fertimap and NPK-engine). The study tested the impact of these four fertilization schemes on wheat yield, plant nutrient content, and farmers' gross margins in field trials at two sites, El-Jadida and Ksar-Lkbir, during the 2021/2022 growing season, which experienced contrasting rainfall patterns. A subsequent risk analysis evaluated the agronomic and economic efficiency of these strategies across ten growing seasons (2012-2021), considering variations in fertilizer and wheat market prices. The results indicate that the APSIM-based decision rules, which integrate historical climate data and current in-season rainfall, were the most effective in 2021/2022. This approach optimized farmers' gross margins in El-Jadida and minimized economic losses in Ksar-Lkbir. The risk frequency analysis highlighted the superiority of APSIM-based decision rules, particularly those incorporating current-year rainfall, during favorable seasons. However, differences between the strategies were less pronounced in other seasons. Overall, the APSIM-based decision tools, which combine historical climate data with current in-season rainfall, and the NPK-engine tool were identified as the most effective strategies for minimizing economic risk in Morocco's variable and often harsh climate.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Achraf Mamassi) 13 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05110544v1
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[hal-05153531] Accompagner les transitions agricoles et alimentaires dans le Ternois 7 Vallées (62) : coopération entre géographe et agronome
Les systèmes agricoles et alimentaires font face à des défis économiques, environnementaux et sociaux croissants, qui rendent leur transition nécessaire et urgente. Ces transitions sont toutefois souvent difficiles, et accompagner les acteurs qui souhaitent les mener est une mission complexe en faisant un objet de recherche riche. L’enjeu est particulièrement présent dans le Ternois-7 Vallées, un territoire composé de deux communautés de communes du Pas-de-Calais. En effet, il peut être considéré comme représentatif d’un régime agro-industriel dominant (Geels 2002), du fait de la forte implantation de grands groupes de l’industrie agro-alimentaire qui y trouvent un bassin d’approvisionnement en cultures industrielles (pomme de terre, betterave, légumes...). L'agriculture du territoire se trouve confrontée à des problématiques environnementales accrues (érosion, inondations et pollution des eaux), accentuées par des difficultés économiques et sociales qui menacent notamment la transmission des fermes et le maintien de l’élevage et des prairies permanentes. Les acteurs publics et privés présents cherchent donc à relever ces défis, tout en visant le maintien de la performance économique du territoire. Répondre à ces objectifs parfois contradictoires implique de tenir compte à la fois des pratiques agricoles et des relations entre les acteurs du territoire. C’est pour cela que nous proposons une approche combinant agronomie et géographie pour comprendre les freins et leviers aux transitions à deux niveaux : 1) celui de la parcelle et de l’exploitation ; 2) celui du territoire et du système d’acteurs qu’il comporte. Nous avons choisi de nous inspirer de la méthode du diagnostic sociotechnique (DST) (Casagrande et al. 2023). En utilisant cette méthode, nous combinons des approches de géographe et d’agronome. En effet, le DST permet, d’une part, d’identifier des acteurs du territoire et des filières et de caractériser les relations de ces acteurs entre eux, et avec le territoire. D’autre part, il permet de comprendre les déterminants des pratiques de ces acteurs, et d’analyser leur positionnement vis-à-vis des enjeux de transition. Pour faire ce diagnostic, nous avons conduit des entretiens semi-directifs et organisé des ateliers avec divers acteurs du territoire et des filières. Nous avons complété nos données par des documents institutionnels, des statistiques issues du recensement agricole et de la littérature grise. Pour répondre à nos questions de recherches communes, l’ensemble de ces données est traité avec deux grilles d’analyse, celle d’un géographe et celle d’une agronome. Nous proposons de montrer comment ces deux cadres d’analyse se complètent pour enrichir la compréhension des dynamiques de transitions dans le territoire du Ternois 7 Vallées.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Louise Perrisseau) 09 Jul 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05153531v1
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[hal-05102822] Objet, concepts, outils et méthode de l’agronomie, de la zootechnie et de la géographie : qu’est-ce qui est nouveau ?
L'étude des territoires agricoles et ruraux est marquée par le renouvellement des objets de recherche, tels que les systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux, et l'internationalisation de nouvelles approches comme l'agronomie des territoires ou le métabolisme territorial. Les démarches techniques et pratiques évoluent également, allant de la numérisation et précision croissante de l'agriculture au champ, au couplage entre modélisation exploratoire et outils participatifs en recherche. L'analyse de ces dynamiques permet d'identifier la nécessité de renforcer les coopérations interdisciplinaires, notamment entre agronomie, géographie et zootechnie, ainsi qu'avec sciences des données et sciences sociales. En conclusion, on souligne un besoin de recontextualiser la production de connaissances pour répondre de manière systémique aux enjeux de durabilité et de réorganisation des filières face aux changements globaux.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Pierre Gasselin) 07 Jun 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05102822v1
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[hal-05031252] Concilier fertilité, autonomie et travail en maraîchage biologique : expérimentation de systèmes de cultures innovants dans le projet PERSYST
Cet article est la version longue et détaillée d'un texte soumis à la revue Innovations Agronomiques et qui fera également l'objet d'une publication dans une revue internationale. Nous avons évalué pendant 4 ans des systèmes de culture innovants en maraîchage biologique dans l'Ouest de la France combinant différentes modalités de réduction de travail du sol et d'apports de matières végétales exogènes en complément de couverts végétaux. Nos résultats suggèrent que des apports végétaux exogènes peuvent se substituer aux engrais organiques du commerce ou aux fertilisants d'origine animale pour maintenir ou améliorer la fertilité des sols et assurer des rendements identiques mais peuvent impacter négativement le travail, en particulier sans équipement adapté. Le travail du sol limité (sans labour) n'a pas d'impact significatif sur la fertilité, le rendement ou le travail. Le travail du sol très limité a des impacts contrastés en fonction des contextes et des conditions initiales.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Kevin Morel) 27 May 2025
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05031252v2
