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[hal-05752341] Adoption and development of cereal–legume intercropping on farms: Drivers at farm and territorial scales in individual pathways
Cereal-legume intercrops offer multiple benefits for sustainable agriculture but remain a niche practice in French arable cropping systems. Though studies have identified barriers and motivations for adopting these practices, the conditions for their long-term adoption remain under-researched. In recent years, cereal-legume intercrops have spread in some areas of France, and literature suggests that the involvement of different agricultural stakeholders can foster the adoption of innovative agricultural practices at the territorial scale. Thus, we hypothesized that this also applies to cereal-legume intercropping. Through interviews with 14 farmers from the same territory and seven other agricultural stakeholders, we identified factors at the farm and territorial scales that support the adoption and continuation of cereal-legume intercrops on both arable and mixed crop-livestock farms. This enabled us to identify three types of adoption pathways: (i) through a collective process, (ii) within organic farming, with more recently established farmers who benefited from a pathway paved by earlier adopters, (iii) from or within conventional farming systems. Collective work and exchanges were crucial for overcoming knowledge, technical and material barriers. Once adopted, cereal-legume intercrops remained, although their composition and use evolved according to the farmers' needs and constraints. This highlights that farm-specific contexts and marketing opportunities determine the choice and use of intercrops, while securing these marketing opportunities supports long-term adoption. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the adoption of cereal-legume intercropping through transition pathways and to analyze the intercrops' progression over time in coherence with the overall functioning of the studied farms.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elodie Yan) 16 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05752341v1
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[hal-05718719] Intentions et effets de la mobilisation d’approches socio-métaboliques avec des acteurs : proposition d’un cadre réflexif
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mathilde Boissier) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05718719v1
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[hal-05828774] Making the diversity of CCI-related LEADER interventions comparable: A portfolio-to-case approach combining LLM-assisted coding and close reading
The EU LEADER program supports diverse rural local initiatives, which suits Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) related activities with their varied forms and place-specific resources. Yet its flexibility also complicates systematic comparison and learning, as portfolio patterns can obscure differences in local organization and implementation, while individual cases can be difficult to situate within the wider range of interventions. This study therefore develops a portfolio-to-case approach combining large language model (LLM)-assisted coding with comparative close reading that support both perspective evidence. We coded 1528 project descriptions in the EU CAP Network Good Practice database across five dimensions, thematic field, challenge, action, actor, and territorial scale. Of the 403 LEADER-tagged projects, 135 were identified as CCI-related. The coded common project types then guided the structured comparison of 56 cases for close reading. In this database selected for dissemination, cultural activity mostly serves wider development purposes. Organizational capacity is central, and it takes a different form in each type: collectively led tourism projects coordinate providers and operate attractions, privately led tourism projects develop offers under enterprise management, heritage projects connect documentation and training with public activities, and social inclusion projects link cultural participation with continuing support. Projects draw on this capacity and can also strengthen it. Project descriptions, however, often omit the organizational work behind the results, and brief reporting on it would improve the database's value for comparison and learning. The approach provides a structured basis for comparing projects and identifying organizational arrangements and resources relevant to adaptation elsewhere.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Wang Tongjing) 21 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05828774v1
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[hal-05801305] Le GIS Biomasse : pourquoi, comment et avec qui ? Une nouvelle expertise publique au service du développement durable des usages de la biomasse
Le GIS Biomasse : pourquoi, comment et avec qui ? Une nouvelle expertise publique au service du développement durable des usages de la biomasse. ADEME (A. de Courcelles, J. Mousset, N. Tonnet), FranceAgriMer (F. Brugière, T. Gratiollet, M. Rakotovao), IGN (A. Colin, G. Marchand), INRAE (J. Fosse, M. Axelos, E. Martin, J. Méry) Les enjeux énergétiques, climatiques et de biodiversité, pour ne citer qu’eux, sont devenus particulièrement criants. La biomasse, entendue comme l’ensemble du vivant non humain exploité par les humains, ressource naturelle indispensable, renouvelable contrairement aux ressources carbonées fossiles aux échelles de temps historiques mais pas nécessairement durable pour autant, est au cœur de ces enjeux. De sa gestion dépend nos capacités d’atténuation et d’adaptation face aux changements globaux. L’équilibre entre ressources et usages a varié au cours de l’histoire en agriculture comme en foresterie. Si les craintes malthusiennes sont moindres aujourd’hui qu’il fut un temps et si le principe des avantages comparatifs avait pu faire croire à une mondialisation heureuse optimisant offre et demande de biomasse sous contrainte « food first » (souveraineté alimentaire), les effets du changement climatique sur les ressources en biomasse (constatés en particulier pour la forêt) et le contexte géopolitique mouvant remettent à l’ordre du jour la question de la souveraineté des Etats (Conseil d’Etat, 2024) et donc la question des disponibilités en biomasse en quantité comme en qualité. Dans le cadre de l’élaboration de la Stratégie Nationale Bas Carbone (SNBC), les ministères les plus concernés (MASA et MTE) ont été demandeurs d’analyses sur les mobilisations actuelles et les possibilités d’usage (matériau, chimique, énergétique…) de la biomasse (INRAE Transfert 2023, INRAE 2024). Trois Inspections (2023) et deux Académies (2025) ont aussi émis des recommandations. Dans le même temps apparaissaient des travaux prospectifs nationaux à l’initiative, entre autres, de l’ADEME et, pour l’énergie, de RTE, avec bien souvent l’échéance 2050 comme horizon temporel, renouant avec une démarche braudélienne d’association du temps court et du temps long (Conseil d’Etat, 2025) dans les décisions publiques. Un doublement a minima des quantités requises de biomasse étant par exemple prévu dans les quatre scenarii contrastés Transition 2050 de l’ADEME, même donc le scenario « Génération frugale », se pose la question de la disponibilité et de la hiérarchisation des usages aux granularités spatiales pertinentes entre le national et le local. Ce contexte a favorisé le besoin d’un portage global et collectif de regroupement des méthodes et des connaissances sur les disponibilités de la biomasse, toutes biomasses confondues et tous usages confondus afin de favoriser des politiques publiques cohérentes. L’ADEME, opérateur de l’Etat, FranceAgriMer, établissement public administratif sous la tutelle du MASA, l’IGN, chargé de l’inventaire forestier national (qu’il s’agisse de la forêt privée ou publique), et INRAE, organisme de recherche directement concerné par la biomasse, se sont fédérés au cours de l’année 2023 pour proposer à l’occasion du SIA 2024 un projet de Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (GIS) « Biomasse » qui a fait l’objet d’une convention quadripartite en juillet 2024. Le GIS Biomasse est une instance d’expertise scientifique et technique, il jouera un rôle de production de données de référence, d’appui méthodologique et contribuera à l’essor d’une vision systémique des ressources et de leurs usages, à travers la formulation de recommandations à destination des décideurs publics. Il s’agit d’une instance partenariale dotée de différents comités pour permettre son pilotage et des interactions avec les différents ministères concernés par cette thématique. Le GIS Biomasse a défini cinq axes de travail Axe 1 : Rassembler et consolider dans un cadre commun les connaissances et données de référence. Axe 2 : Cartographier et caractériser les bases de données existantes aux différentes échelles et formuler des recommandations méthodologiques pour les consolider, les harmoniser et rendre les systèmes d’informations interopérables afin d’accroître leurs usages par les décideurs. Axe 3 : Recenser et analyser les résultats des travaux prospectifs publiés par les différents acteurs, publics et privés, et leurs hypothèses associées et les comparer en particulier avec les scénarios de la SFEC, et inventorier les modèles existants (au service en particulier des prospectives). Axe 4 : Formuler des recommandations, notamment en réponse aux problématiques soulevées par les décideurs publics nationaux et régionaux. Cet axe portant sur la territorialisation constitue un enjeu opérationnel dans le cadre de la régionalisation de la Programmation Pluri-annuelle de l’Energie (PPE), de la SNBC, de la Stratégie Nationale de Mobilisation de la Biomasse (SNMB), des Schémas Régionaux Biomasse (SRB) et leurs cellules dédiées et plus récemment dans le cadre des Conférences des Parties (COP) régionales portées par le SGPE. Axe 5 : Animer et valoriser les travaux du GIS. Cet axe porte sur la communication des travaux et résultats, un portail documentaire étant prévu pour 2026 en sus des premières communications LinkedIn. Ces axes sont bien évidemment complémentaires, les axes 1 et 2 étant des conditions nécessaires et opérationnelles à l’élaboration des constats les plus consensuels possible fondant les politiques publiques. Les usagers du GIS, hormis ses membres fondateurs, peuvent être toute entité concernée par le sujet, quel que soit son statut public ou privé, que l’on peut donc désigner comme les acteurs publics de la biomasse. Comme il existait depuis l’élaboration de la stratégie nationale Bioéconomie de 2017 une Commission Technique Inter- filières (CTI) gérée par FranceAgriMer et chargée de la mise en œuvre concertée du plan d’actions correspondant, et que par ailleurs la SNMB existait depuis 2018, une nouvelle structuration de la CTI a eu lieu début 2025, avec en particulier l’intégration de la filière forêt-bois et d’acteurs de la filière bois énergie, et la création d’un groupe de travail Bioéconomie et Transitions, chargé entre autres de faire le lien avec le GIS Biomasse. Enfin ce GIS est très lié à des politiques publiques fortement évolutives au vu du contexte environnemental (SNBC, Plan National d’Adaptation au Changement Climatique (PNACC), SNMB au niveau national, SRB et SNBC territorialisés au niveau régional) et géopolitique (PPE). Un comité de liaison associe ainsi étroitement les travaux du GIS avec les ministères concernés (MASA, MTE et donc aussi SGPE), qui restent demandeurs d’expertises et prospectives tant les enjeux restent forts avec les risques multiples sur la biomasse liés aux ressources en eau, à la qualité des sols et aux aléas naturels ou humains (tempêtes, grêle, inondations, incendies). Pour répondre à l’urgence et aux sollicitations multiples, le GIS a mené plusieurs actions en parallèle : Mise en place d’une comitologie adaptée dès fin 2024 : comité de liaison avec les ministères (instance de discussion et d’orientation du programme d’action), comité des partenaires (avec pour objectif de partager les travaux du GIS). Consolidation, publication de résultats et méthodologies : - Élaboration d’un rapport sur les chiffres clés de la biomasse (GIS Biomasse, 2025), condition d’un débat objectivé sur la gestion des ressources et usages, qui a bénéficié des apports des comités mis en place. - Préfiguration d’un système d’information harmonisé sur la biomasse en France et d’un guide de bonnes pratiques pour faire converger les dispositifs existants, en particulier l’Observatoire National des Ressources en Biomasse (ONRB) de FranceAgriMer, l’outil Cartofob de l’IGN et FCBA sur les disponibilités futures en bois et l’Observatoire des forêts françaises de l’IGN. - Expertise sur les besoins des cellules biomasse en région et sur les politiques publiques liées à la biomasse (enjeu territorial) en vue de consolider leur fonctionnement. - Mise en chantier d’un portail documentaire dont l’ouverture est prévue en 2026. Lancement d’actions visant à développer une vision prospective sur la biomasse : - Création d’un corpus documentaire sur les prospectives biomasse (aux hypothèses, méthodes et résultats plus ou moins contrastés à expliciter), dont l’analyse alimentera la feuille de route du GIS - Recensement des modèles pertinents du domaines et évaluation de leur intérêt dans un cadre prospectif. Dans un contexte politique incertain (ayant eu pour conséquence des retards dans les publications des PPE3 et SNBC3) et de controverses nationales (quelle considération de l’hypothèse de neutralité climatique du carbone biogénique dans les réglementations par exemple ?) comme locales parfois vives (sur la massification des bioénergies par exemple) alimentées par la complexité de l’objet d’étude (variabilité de la production et des prix, interactions volontaires, involontaires voire inattendues entre filières), la volonté du GIS est que ses travaux permettent aux acteurs de la biomasse de s’appuyer sur des éléments de référence solides pour contribuer à des débats et des choix stratégiques s’inscrivant dans les sciences de la durabilité. Références Académies, 2025, Quelles contributions attendre de la biomasse dans la transition énergétique ? Rapport conjoint des Académies de l’Agriculture et des Technologies. Inspections, 2024, Evaluation du potentiel de production d’énergies renouvelables à partir de la biomasse agricole et forestière à l’horizon 2050, Rapport conjoint du CGAAER, du CGE et de l’IGEED. Conseil d’Etat, 2024, Etude annuelle sur la souveraineté. Conseil d’Etat, 2025, Etude annuelle « Inscrire l’action publique dans le temps long ». GIS Biomasse, 2025, Etude chiffres clés biomasse 2025. INRAE Transfert, 2023, Impacts environnementaux et enjeux technico-économiques et sociétaux associés à la mobilisation de biomasse agricole et forestière pour la production d’énergie en France à l’horizon 2050, Etude pour le MTE. INRAE, 2024, Enjeux agronomiques, techniques et économiques d’une mobilisation accrue des différents gisements de biomasse et de leur transformation en bioénergies, Etude pour le MASA-DEPE.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (G. Marchand) 15 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05801305v1
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[hal-05759773] Pertes et gaspillage alimentaires. Les défis à relever
Si la réduction des pertes et du gaspillage alimentaires apparaît aujourd’hui comme une nécessité, les moyens d’y parvenir sont plus controversés. À partir d’une approche pluridisciplinaire, cet ouvrage analyse les mécanismes qui conduisent aux pertes et au gaspillage, et examine les pistes de réduction au regard des tensions entre enjeux sanitaires, financiers, organisationnels et environnementaux. Il revient sur l’émergence de la notion de gaspillage dans les sociétés occidentales au cours du XXe siècle et en donne les définitions. Les conditions d’émergence des pertes dans les filières et du gaspillage aux stades de la distribution et de la consommation sont étudiées ainsi que la construction progressive des politiques publiques et des cadres réglementaires visant à les réguler. Les enjeux de prévention et de valorisation, les divergences d’intérêts et de priorités entre acteurs, ainsi que les effets indésirables que peuvent entraîner certaines solutions sont enfin interrogés. De la production agricole à la consommation, l’ouvrage propose des pistes de réflexion sur les défis à relever pour accompagner la transformation des systèmes alimentaires vers davantage de sobriété, de durabilité et d’inclusion.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Barbara Redlingshofer) 23 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05759773v1
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[hal-05736759] Concevoir pour la transition agroécologique : apports de l'analyse de l'activité à la scénarisation de territoires agricoles assistée par le numérique
Cette recherche se place dans le contexte de la transition agroécologique et propose une approche ergonomique centrée sur l’activité des agriculteurs. Elle examine comment la scénarisation des trajectoires en agroécologie et la modélisation territoriale (MAELIA) permettent de projeter, discuter et construire les transformations des systèmes agricoles. La scénarisation est considérée comme une activité située, mettant en tension défis agricoles et régulations locales, tandis que la modélisation est analysée comme un médiateur socio-technique facilitant la discussion et l’appropriation des scénarios envisagés. L’étude cherche à montrer que la transition ne se réduit pas à des solutions techniques, mais implique de repenser les pratiques, les arbitrages et les dynamiques collectives, en interrogeant le rôle du numérique dans le développement de l’activité et du pouvoir d’agir des agriculteurs
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emma Allix) 03 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05736759v1
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[hal-05772816] Intervention formative pour coconstruire un nouveau modèle de gestion hospitalier : perspectives pour le travail durable.
Cette étude vise à présenter des perspectives pour la promotion du travail soutenable à partir de la transformation du modèle de gestion du travail au sein d’un hôpital au Brésil, au cours d’une intervention formative menée par le Laboratoire du Changement. Il s’agit d’une approche théorico-méthodologique ancrée dans la Théorie de l’Activité Historico-Culturelle, qui permet la co-construction de nouveaux modèles d’activité à partir de l’analyse des contradictions historiques et actuelles. Les changements proposés à l’issue des sessions collectives de travail ont favorisé d’importantes transformations dans les contextes de travail, en assurant une plus grande autonomie et une participation accrue des travailleurs à la prise de décision. Cela apparaît comme une voie prometteuse vers la soutenabilité du travail, en favorisant l’émancipation et le sentiment d’appartenance, des aspects essentiels à la santé et au bienêtre des travailleurs.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Vivian Mininel) 01 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05772816v1
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[hal-05772812] Numérisation de l'agriculture : travail, usages et conception en débat
Ce symposium vise à interroger les effets de la numérisation sur le travail agricole et agroalimentaire, du point de vue de l’ergonomie et des sciences connexes. Quatre communications sont prévues mobilisant notamment l’ergonomie, la géographie et l’économie, afin de proposer des regards complémentaires sur les transformations en cours. Les arguments en faveur de l'agriculture de demain s'appuient de plus en plus sur la convergence du machinisme et du numérique pour répondre simultanément aux enjeux productifs et environnementaux. Cette dynamique s'impose progressivement au sein des organisations de travail agricole (Kamilaris et al., 2017). Capteurs, plateformes numériques, outils d'aide à la décision, robots agricoles, drones, logiciels de gestion ou encore dispositifs de traçabilité reconfigurent les activités, les collectifs de travail, les compétences mobilisées et les rapports au métier (Goutille et al., 2023 ; Hostiou et al., 2023). La numérisation est d'ailleurs souvent présentée comme un levier majeur d'amélioration de la productivité, de la traçabilité et de la soutenabilité des systèmes agroalimentaires (Bournigal et al., 2015). Pourtant, ces transformations ne sont pas sans effets sur les situations de travail réelles. La transition agroécologique et les technologies qui l'accompagnent tendent à augmenter la complexité du travail agricole et à exacerber les tensions sur l'autonomie des travailleurs, sans garantir pour autant une amélioration tangible des conditions de travail (Hostiou et al., 2023). De nombreux travaux convergent pour montrer que l'introduction de technologies numériques et robotiques transforme en profondeur les situations de travail et peut générer des tensions, voire des dégradations des conditions de travail, conduisant à ce que certains auteurs qualifient de « nouvel esprit du productivisme » (Martin & Schnebelin, 2023). Ce paradoxe - entre promesses d'allègement et intensification effective du travail - constitue un objet d'analyse central pour l'ergonomie. Sur le plan des possibles, le numérique - données massives, capteurs, intelligence artificielle, robotique - peut effectivement constituer un levier pour améliorer la compréhension des agroécosystèmes, soutenir la décision agronomique et favoriser des pratiques plus durables, à condition d'être conçu de manière responsable et participative (Inria & INRAE, 2022). En revanche, un déploiement non maîtrisé risque d'accentuer les inégalités entre exploitations, de réduire l'autonomie des agriculteurs et de soulever des enjeux critiques de gouvernance des données (Inria & INRAE, 2022). À cet égard, les technologies agricoles ne sauraient être considérées comme neutres ni intrinsèquement durables : elles doivent être évaluées de manière systémique et située, tant elles sont susceptibles de créer des dépendances structurelles et d'orienter les pratiques bien au-delà de leurs promesses initiales d'innovation.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 01 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05772812v1
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[hal-05772799] Conceptualisations du travail soutenable : éclairages à partir des nouveaux installés en agriculture biologique
Dans un contexte de transitions agricoles et écologiques, la question du travail soutenable apparaît comme un enjeu central pour les nouveaux installés. Cet article analyse les conceptualisations du travail soutenable à partir de l'expérience de nouveaux agriculteurs engagés en agriculture biologique dans le département de l'Ardèche (France). L'étude repose sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de 15 agriculteurs installés hors cadre familial (HCF) et certifiés en agriculture biologique (AB), à partir d'entretiens semi-directifs portant sur leurs trajectoires d'installation, leurs pratiques de travail et les difficultés rencontrées. Les résultats montrent que le travail soutenable ne se réduit ni aux conditions matérielles ni à la seule charge de travail, mais renvoie à une notion multidimensionnelle intégrant des dimensions économiques, sociales, organisationnelles et subjectives. L'analyse met également en évidence sa dimension temporelle : les situations de travail s'inscrivent dans des temporalités entrecroisées que nous qualifions de temps pour se lancer, temps de faire ses preuves et temps de se projeter dans l'avenir.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emna Khemiri) 01 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05772799v1
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[hal-05772808] Penser la diversité au travail : quels chemins parcourus, quelles avancées ?
La variabilité représente un concept historique en ergonomie, régulièrement mobilisé pour penser les écarts entre travail prescrit et travail réel, ainsi que les ajustements opérés par les individus et les collectifs dans l’action (Coutarel & Beaujouan, 2021 ; Guérin et al., 2007, 2021 ; Montmollin, 1997). Dans ces travaux, elle est fréquemment associée à la notion de diversité, dont la définition présente toutefois davantage de variations. En effet, la diversité peut être mobilisée en référence aux personnes (Guérin et al., 2007), aux situations (Coutarel & Beaujouan, 2021), aux deux en simultanés (Guérin et al., 2021) ou bien encore aux différentes manières d’agir (Mollo, 2022). Ces différences reflètent à la fois des évolutions disciplinaires et des approches distinctes qui ouvrent des débats féconds sur le développement de l’activité, des individus et des collectifs de travail. Elles invitent à interroger les relations qu’entretiennent variabilité et diversité, ainsi que les apports complémentaires que ces perspectives offrent pour l’analyse du travail et l’accompagnement des transformations. Si ces concepts permettent d’éclairer le développement des activités et des collectifs de travail, en intégrant un plus grand nombre, d'autres aspects comme les discriminations systémiques (ex. racisme, sexisme, validisme, homophobie) sont invisibles ou peu explicités dans ces textes. Or, ces discriminations traversent les environnements de travail et influencent à la fois l’activité, le collectif et la santé. Les communications réunies dans ce symposium s’inscrivent dans cette filiation, tout en proposant un déplacement du regard : il ne s’agit plus seulement de constater la variabilité ou la diversité, mais d’interroger les conditions organisationnelles, sociales et politiques dans lesquelles celles-ci deviennent ou non des ressources pour l’activité, la santé et la durabilité du travail. Elles mettent l’accent sur la diversité des activités, des parcours et des positions dans les organisations, tout en interrogeant les conditions concrètes du développement de l’agentivité individuelle et collective. Les travaux montrent comment la diversité dans son ensemble peut constituer une ressource pour le travail, à condition d’être reconnue, soutenue et mise en discussion dans des dispositifs organisationnels et de rechercheintervention adaptés. Sans se centrer exclusivement sur les discriminations en tant qu’objets autonomes, ces travaux permettent de saisir comment certaines inégalités structurelles et systémiques traversent les situations de travail, se traduisent dans la réalisation de l’activité et appellent des formes spécifiques d’accompagnement. L’ergonomie est alors mobilisée comme une approche capable de rendre visibles ces tensions, de soutenir le dialogue sur le travail et de contribuer à la conception d’environnements plus inclusifs et plus équitables. À partir de terrains variés - industrie automobile en transition technologique, entreprises adaptées, dispositifs de supervision de proximité ou communautés élargies de recherche-intervention -, les contributions interrogent les rapports entre diversité, transformations du travail et justice organisationnelle. Elles mettent notamment en lumière la manière dont les rapports de genre, les situations de handicap ou les positions hiérarchiques influencent l’activité réelle, les marges de manœuvre et la durabilité du travail.Ce symposium vise ainsi à ouvrir un espace de discussion sur les apports de l’ergonomie de l’activité pour penser la diversité au travail, non seulement comme un état de fait, mais comme un levier de développement, de transformation et de justice organisationnelle.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexis Chambel) 01 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05772808v1
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[hal-05781192] « Earth: Soils in the Age of Acceleration »
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Germain Meulemans) 06 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05781192v1
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[hal-05735073] Crise agricole : nourrir l’humanité exige une révolution intérieure
Face aux canicules, à l’épuisement des sols et à la détresse des agriculteurs, des voix appellent à un changement de conscience pour repenser en profondeur notre rapport à la nourriture. Cette question fait actuellement l’objet d’un premier sommet international sous l’égide des Nations unies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie Allain) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05735073v1
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[hal-05752471] How are agroecological practices integrated into farmers' strategies?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Ygaunin Elise) 16 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05752471v1
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[hal-05780775] A cluster without geographical proximity ? Textometry and social networks analysis of the TENLOG cluster in Occitania
In this communication, we introduces and applies a novel methodological framework to empirically assess organised proximity (the non-spatial closeness among actors) in a geographically dispersed logistics cluster, and a rapidly evolving system located in the Occitania Region (South-west of France). In 2018 and 2022, the initial cluster was reformed and expanded; the new cluster now includes various actors who are often located several hundred kilometres away. The question that arises is the legitimacy of the participants' belonging to the same system and the homogeneity of the cluster. Does the TENLOG cluster make sense, or is it mainly artificial, due to the weakness of geographical proximity relations? Does the establishment of remote relations between the players lead not only to the loss of geographical proximity but also to the loss of valuable links and interfaces? To address this question, we analyse the close relations at stake within the TENLOG cluster to determine whether the actors continue to work together and share the same values. We use two qualitative and quantitative methods, textometry and social network analysis (SNA), to assess the level of organised proximities among the participants, even when they are located at significant distances : • Textometry (using IRaMuTeQ software), to capture the logic of similarity through discourse analysis, including Reinert’s lexical world classification, Labbé’s intertextual distances, revealing how actors share or diverge in representations, values, and professional registers. • Social Network Analysis (SNA, using Gephi software), to capture the logic of belonging, measuring closeness centrality, modularity (Louvain algorithm), and relational density, to identify key actors, gatekeepers, and network cohesion. This mixed-method design allows us to distinguish between actors whose views are similar but who are relationally far, and vice versa, a nuance difficult to catch in studies. We demonstrate that, despite spatial fragmentation, TENLOG maintains strong organised proximities through shared discourse and dense relational networks, particularly among facilitators and public actors. Our findings challenge the assumption that geographical proximity is a prerequisite for cluster vitality : despite physical distance, organised proximities persist and that the challenges of "clustering at a distance" are not as significant as initially thought, allowing us to remain optimistic about its development. We offer a replicable toolkit for researchers and policymakers to assess the building of clusters and networks, especially those operating across regions. This methodological contribution opens new pathways for studying organised proximity, relevant for researches on distributed innovation, remote collaboration, and territorial governance.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Julien Le Van Suu) 06 Oct 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05780775v1
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[hal-05690660] The Cité Maraîchère: Lessons from a French multifunctional horticultural hub
The Cité Maraîchère project was born in 2012 as commercial urban agriculture was only beginning to develop in France. It was the project of the Romainville mayor and was supposed to both reflect the green belt past of the city and to produce fresh and healthy vegetables for the inhabitants of this poor neighbourhood. This study uses participative observation, interviews, intermediary studies, and secondary data analysis to describe the project from its first concepts in 2012 to now. Points in time like the architectural contest in 2016, the opening in 2021, a mid-point analysis in 2023 and the 2025 results are analysed. They highlight misadventures: construction incidents, architectural mistakes, budget overshoot, and the impossibility to finding a farmer. But also, strategic changes were made by the project team to reorient the project from a private productive farm to a municipal equipment that provides both food (though in small quantities) and education, as well as social links through job integration and workshops for all. Some innovative choices were also made on the pricing of products, adjusted to the revenue levels of inhabitants. The initial project was to build of a tower greenhouse on several floors, with a productive basement and including a socially responsible restaurant. With time, and to recycle part of the resources of the greenhouse, unusable because of light constraints, the Cité Maraîchère has grown and now comprises outdoor gardens in different parts of the city both for production and private use and has become the hub of the agrifood strategy of the city. The lesson to be learned from this case study is that although the building in itself should not be reproduced, the system and the innovation/adaptation loop that was born of it is a model and method participating to the city resilience that could be adapted to other cities.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Agnès Fargue-Lelièvre) 22 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05690660v1
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[hal-05726061] LA GESTION DES COMMUNS, FREIN OU LEVIER POUR L’INNOVATION ? ÉTUDE DE LA FILIÈRE POMMES DE TERRE PRIMEUR DE NOIRMOUTIER
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (François Coléno) 15 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05726061v1
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[hal-05725254] Sciences de gestion et agri-environnement, Vers une ingénierie organisationnelle des dynamiques collectives
Les crises agri-environnementales, de plus en plus prégnantes, soulignent la nécessité de changements de paradigme et d’innovations organisationnelles. Les enjeux qu’elles soulèvent mobilisent une diversité d’acteurs et d’objets naturels (ressources, biodiversité, santé) qui s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques collectives et des temporalités longues — voire infinies lorsqu’il s’agit de préserver des ressources naturelles ou patrimoniales. Dans une perspective de durabilité, se posent alors les questions de l’émergence et de la résilience d’un organizing : comment des processus d’organisation associant une multiplicité d’acteurs et d’objets se construisent-ils et se pérennisent-ils ? Historiquement centrées sur l’entreprise et l’administration, les sciences de gestion apportent un éclairage original sur ces dynamiques d’action collective.S’appuyant sur des études de cas variées (santé animale et végétale, politique de l’eau, gestion multi-usage des territoires…), l’ouvrage interroge aussi les situations d’enquête et la fabrique de l’interdisciplinarité. Il propose une synthèse inédite de connaissances issues de recherches en sciences de gestion et met ainsi en évidence leur apport spécifique à la compréhension et à la gestion des problèmes agri-environnementaux pour éclairer et renouveler les pratiques dans ces domaines. Destiné aux chercheurs, enseignants et étudiants, il intéressera également les professionnels engagés dans des projets de gestion de l’agri-environnement.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Mourad Hannachi) 24 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05725254v1
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[hal-05719292] Closing irrigation-limited maize yield gaps in China under climate change
Climate change poses increasingly severe challenges to crop production, yet the status and future trajectory of the irrigation-limited yield gap (IYG) remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively assessed the spatial-temporal patterns and future responses of IYG using a bottom-up framework. We categorized the IYG into closed and unclosed components based on the yield at current limited irrigation levels (Y cir). Our results showed the IYG remains 32% unclosed, accounting for approximately one-tenth (about 26 million tons) of China's total maize production. Regionally, pronounced disparities in yield sensitivity to irrigation were observed, with the Northwest exhibiting the highest and the Southwest the lowest. Both historical and future simulations revealed a significant declining trend in Y cir and IYG across most northern provinces (e.g., Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Xinjiang). Increasing irrigation levels can offset most of these declines without diminishing marginal benefits. In the Northwest, more than 70% of the projected yield changes are identified as a mitigatable decrease, equivalent to 18% of historical yields. Conversely, the Northeast has nearly reached a climate-limited yield plateau with decreasing marginal benefits. Roughly 20% of the yield change in the North China Plain and Northeast is non-mitigatable. These findings inform region-specific irrigation strategies to sustain maize production in China.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dehai Liao) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05719292v1
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[hal-05711422] Accounting for the systemic effects of anaerobic digestion on the practices of farmers
The rate of on-farm biogas production by anaerobic digestion has increased in Europe since the beginning of the twenty-first century, largely due to policies supporting low-carbon energy production. Anaerobic digestion farms are farms where farmers invest in biogas production mainly from agricultural feedstock, and remain the main investors. Biogas production brings new challenges to agriculture, and current scientific literature does not provide clear conclusions on its agri-environmental effects. Current studies focus on one or more of the agri-environmental effects of on-farm biogas development (mainly greenhouse gas balance, carbon storage, and nitrogen losses), assuming that the farming system as a whole remains unchanged. However, they rarely investigate how biogas production performance relates to indirect changes in farm practices and activities. To better understand the changes in farm practices linked to biogas production, we surveyed 23 biogas farmers operating 19 different on-farm biogas units in two areas of northeast France. We aimed to cover various configurations (e.g., farm activities, digester capacity, number of farmers involved, and energy recovery methods) to capture a diversity of farm functioning. We analyzed these qualitative data by identifying recurring examples of practice changes (or lack thereof). Our results show that biogas development led to various changes in nitrogen fertilization practices, forage and permanent grassland management, and cultivation practices. Biogas production can induce both minor and significant changes on farms, with a variety of drivers of change. These changes depend on the farm characteristics and activities that biogas farmers can develop. The novelty of our research lies in highlighting this diversity of practices and drivers, which are generally not considered in the literature on the agri-environmental assessment of biogas, even though they could significantly affect the results of such assessments. Biogas sustainability research must better consider the dynamics of farming systems and farmers’ agency in on-farm biogas development.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jeanne Cadiou) 13 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05711422v1
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[hal-05640762] Anaerobic digestion in French cereal farms without livestock: Evaluating agro-environmental performance in real-case systems across climate scenarios
Anaerobic digestion (AD) without livestock is expanding in France, mainly using energy cover crops (ECC) grown between main crops, and agro-industrial residues. Previous environmental assessments of ECC-based AD relied largely on theoretical cases or controlled experiments. This study evaluates the agro-environmental performance of different scenarios of ECC-based AD systems, based on surveyed on-farm practices. The assessment integrates (i) land cover changes associated with AD, (ii) agronomic and environmental impacts associated with ECC cultivation and digestate management, (iii) yield losses in main crops, and (iv) consequential effects of compensating those losses or diverting co-products from other uses. The PROLEG tool was used to simulate crop yields, nitrogen requirements and losses, soil organic carbon dynamics and water balance, across historical and future climates for diverse climate scenarios. Emission factors from Ecoinvent or literature were used to compute the whole GHG balance. AD increases total biomass but lowers caloric output of main crops compared to a no-AD reference, while reducing water drainage and synthetic-nitrogen use and slightly lowering pesticide use. SOC stocks rose, but ammonia and N₂O emissions increased and nitrate leaching remained stable. The overall GHG balance remained favorable only when methane leakages from the digester were low and when biomethane entirely displaces fossil natural gas. Future climates amplified N₂O emissions, reduced SOC gains, and further depressed main-crop yields, yet GHG balance of AD still outperforms fossil gas. Comparisons among ECC-integration scenarios revealed no system performing best across all agro-environmental indicators, highlighting trade-offs between renewable-energy production, environmental impacts, and food output.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Léa Boros) 02 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05640762v1
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[hal-05726694] Agência dos pesquisadores nas adaptações do laboratório de mudanças a contextos locais de intervenção: exemplos de Abordagens Híbridas
O capítulo examina como os pesquisadores envolvidos no projeto ITAPAR adaptaram a metodologia do Laboratório de Mudança (Change Laboratory – CL) aos desafios específicos encontrados em diferentes contextos de saúde e segurança no trabalho no Brasil e na França. Os autores descrevem essas adaptações como uma forma de “hibridização”: a combinação de conceitos, métodos, técnicas e ferramentas provenientes de diferentes tradições teóricas e disciplinares, com o objetivo de tornar as intervenções mais relevantes e eficazes nas situações locais. O capítulo baseia-se em 16 subprojetos realizados no Brasil e quatro na França. Em vez de considerar o Laboratório de Mudança como uma sequência fixa de procedimentos, os pesquisadores o compreenderam como um conjunto flexível de conceitos e ferramentas, que poderia ser adaptado de acordo com as contradições e necessidades que emergiam em cada campo de intervenção. Esse processo também foi entendido como uma forma de aprendizagem no interior de uma comunidade de prática em saúde ocupacional, na qual os pesquisadores mobilizaram suas experiências anteriores com o Laboratório de Mudança, a Ergonomia da Atividade, a segurança ocupacional e outras abordagens. Uma das principais formas de hibridização foi a introdução de uma etapa inicial de formação antes das sessões do Laboratório de Mudança. Os participantes eram apresentados a conceitos fundamentais da Teoria Histórico-Cultural da Atividade e, em seguida, utilizavam um vídeo curto sobre a caça ao mamute para experimentar os princípios da dupla estimulação, dos sistemas de atividade e das contradições. Isso ajudava os participantes a compreender os conceitos teóricos, familiarizar-se com o método e começar a discutir suas próprias situações de trabalho. Os autores argumentam que essa prática posteriormente se tornou uma característica regular de suas intervenções. O capítulo também descreve abordagens híbridas para a produção de dados-espelho. Embora a observação etnográfica seja tradicionalmente utilizada no Laboratório de Mudança, os pesquisadores incorporaram outros métodos quando estes se mostravam mais adequados ao tempo disponível e às características do campo. Entre eles estavam a fenomenologia, a análise coletiva do trabalho, a Ergonomia da Atividade, abordagens de segurança, entrevistas, observações, autoconfrontação baseada em vídeo e medições toxicológicas. Em algumas intervenções, esses métodos forneceram materiais mais ricos e sensíveis para estimular a reflexão coletiva sobre a atividade. Durante as fases de questionamento e análise histórica, os pesquisadores também experimentaram estímulos neutros ou simbólicos para reduzir resistências e facilitar a participação. Entre os exemplos estavam pinturas abstratas, desenhos, aquarelas, a metáfora do iceberg e o modelo da gravata-borboleta (bow-tie). Esses recursos ajudaram os participantes a distinguir as consequências visíveis das causas subjacentes e a explorar as dimensões históricas dos problemas. Os artefatos visuais foram particularmente poderosos porque traduziam ideias abstratas em representações concretas e estimulavam a discussão e a aprendizagem coletiva. A hibridização também foi importante durante a modelagem de novas formas de atividade. Por exemplo, o desenvolvimento do software ZerObito combinou princípios do Laboratório de Mudança com a Ergonomia da Atividade, conceitos de segurança, design participativo, Design Sprint e desenvolvimento de software centrado no usuário. Em um hospital universitário brasileiro, a matriz 5W3H foi utilizada para transformar as soluções desenvolvidas coletivamente em planos de ação concretos e avaliar sua viabilidade. Em Bordeaux, mapas e cartões que representavam medições de contaminação foram utilizados para apoiar a análise coletiva e o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas. De modo geral, o capítulo argumenta que a hibridização não constitui simplesmente um compromisso pragmático, mas uma forma de aprendizagem transformadora e de exercício da agência dos pesquisadores. Ao adaptar e combinar recursos metodológicos, os pesquisadores conseguiram responder às características socio-históricas e culturais específicas de cada contexto de intervenção. Essas adaptações também contribuíram para a própria aprendizagem dos pesquisadores e para a consolidação de uma comunidade de prática em saúde ocupacional. Os autores concluem que as abordagens híbridas não são apenas possíveis, mas necessárias para desenvolver intervenções preventivas mais sensíveis ao contexto, eficazes e transformadoras.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 25 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05726694v1
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[hal-05716288] Double cropping in North Mediterranean cereal systems: farm size prevails over irrigation as adoption driver
Double cropping (DC) is a promising strategy for cropping systems, diversification, and intensification. While it is widely adopted in tropical regions, its feasibility in temperate and Mediterranean areas depends largely on the length of the growing season. Climate change may further enhance thermal suitability of these regions for DC, although future water availability may decrease. However, large-scale assessments of DC adoption across diverse cropping systems in Mediterranean contexts remain limited. This study addresses this gap by systematically analysing DC patterns in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region using Land Parcel Identification System data from 2019 to 2023. It also evaluates three potential drivers associated to DC adoption: farm size, irrigation availability, and soil available water content (AWC) as farm size may influence DC as smaller farms seek to offset fixed costs and yield variability; irrigation can mitigate summer drought; and higher AWC may support DC, especially under rainfed conditions. Moreover, several drivers of adoption at the field and farm levels were tested through a binary logistic regression. A total of 122 winter/summer DC combinations were identified for the first time in the region, though only 12 types accounted for 91% of the DC surface. The most common system combined winter cereals (barley or wheat) with soybean. Contrary to expectations, small and medium-sized farms adopted DC less frequently than large farms, although they used it more intensively when implemented. Contrary to expectations, irrigation availability was negatively associated with DC adoption, likely owing to sufficient summer rainfall in the region. Consistently, areas with higher AWC showed lower DC adoption. Overall, DC is well integrated in northeastern Italy, where it represents a potential source for diversification, but also it appears to be an intensification strategy adopted primarily by larger, arable-oriented conventional farms. While DC adoption is largely supported for now by favourable rainfall patterns, climate change may constrain DC viability, particularly in rainfed systems.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Antonio Bruno) 13 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05716288v1
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[hal-05587258] Assessing the potential to scale-up urban agriculture in the Global North
Urban agriculture (UA) is frequently promoted as a pathway to improve urban sustainability, food security, and resilience, yet cross-city evidence on its scalable, system-wide impacts remains limited and methodologically inconsistent. We assess the theoretical scaling potential and food–energy–water (FEW) metabolism implications of expanding low-tech UA across five Global North cities—London, New York City, Paris, Dortmund, and Gorzów Wielkopolski—using a harmonized two-part framework. First, we conduct 1-m resolution spatial multi-criteria suitability modeling, supplemented with sensitivity scenarios. Second, we upscale empirically derived site-level resource–yield “metabolisms” to quantify potential contributions to vegetable provisioning, resource demand, and nutrient cycling. Across base scenarios, 12–24% of city area is suitable for UA, with individual/home gardens comprising the dominant share of expandable space in every case. Under average observed yields, scaled UA could supply 16–95% of current non-tropical vegetable demand (and substantially more under high-productivity assumptions), while requiring relatively modest shares of city electricity use but potentially meaningful shares of potable water in smaller cities. Expanded UA could also absorb more than 100% of current vegetable food-waste streams via composting, indicating strong circularity leverage. However, participation requirements emerge as a primary constraint: labor availability and willingness limits feasible realization of these theoretical maxima. Together, results provide a transferable, cross-city methodology and identify policy-relevant leverage points—especially enabling home gardening, securing land tenure, supporting new farmers or gardeners, and pairing expansion with composting and water-harvesting practices—to design context-sensitive UA scaling strategies.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Jason K Hawes) 22 Sep 2026
https://agroparistech.hal.science/hal-05587258v1
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[halshs-05702316] ‘Écologiser’ l’agriculture
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Alexis Boisseau) 23 Jul 2026
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-05702316v1
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[hal-05706643] Agroéquipements et diversification : enseignements d'expériences de terrain pour l'agronomie
Sur la base de quatre recherches récentes, cet article esquisse des enseignements généraux pour aborder les relations entre agroéquipements et diversification dans la recherche, le développement agricole et la formation. D'abord, à partir d'exemples issus d'enquêtes auprès d'agriculteur•rices, nous présentons une diversité d'équipements et leurs usages, afin de discuter des manières de les documenter pour différentes finalités. Dans un second temps, nous montrons au travers de quelques exemples que faire évoluer les agroéquipements pour diversifier implique des apprentissages, des ressources et des dynamiques sociales variées, qui varient d'une situation de travail à l'autre, et nous esquissons quelques questions et pistes à instruire pour l'accompagnement de ces changements. Enfin, nous proposons d'enrichir le regard agronomique sur la diversification d'une prise en compte de l'équipement, ce qui implique notamment de considérer d'autres dimensions des situations d'action des agriculteurs et agricultrices. L'article conclut sur l'enjeu de bâtir des ponts entre agronomie et ingénierie du machinisme, autant dans la recherche, le conseil que dans l'enseignement.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Chloé Salembier) 29 Jul 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05706643v1
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[hal-05734119] Carrots, cabbages, onions: can vegetables be grown safely and at scale in urban microfarm soils?
Purpose The term "urban agriculture" encompasses a wide range of systems, from home gardens to commercial forms and hybrid models such as microfarms. Urban microfarms are an emerging form of urban agriculture that differ markedly from other systems in terms of how they operate and the soil on which they are established. Despite their rapid development, little is known about their contribution to urban food production or the sanitary quality of their food products. Our study aimed to (i) evaluate the food production potential of urban microfarms in terms of both yields and sanitary quality (trace metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -PAHs) and (ii) assess the influence of soil contamination on vegetable yield and quality. Materials and methods Over two consecutive years, we monitored food production as well as vegetable and soil quality, in terms of concentrations of trace metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in seven urban microfarms. Results and discussion Average yields were relatively modest (1.4 ± 1.1 kg m⁻² of fresh vegetables), with high variability across farms. Nevertheless, microfarms have the advantage of providing a wide variety of vegetables, with 28-54 species cultivated annually. Some cases of soil contamination and pollution appeared result from practices such as compost input and former use of phytosanitary products, or due to past industrial activities. However, concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in vegetables generally remained below European regulatory limits. We detected PAHs in both soils and vegetables, with higher concentrations in leafy and aromatic plants, suggesting a significant contribution from atmospheric deposition. Conclusions Despite some local soil pollution issues, the seven multifunctional microfarms exhibited good overall soil quality. Given their current level of development and food production, the contribution of microfarms to city-wide food security was modest quantitatively but was generally healthy. This study highlights the need for more robust assessment frameworks and context-specific thresholds to support safe and sustainable soil-based urban agriculture. Further studied disentangling contamination pathways could support better mitigation strategies for soil and vegetables contamination.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sophie Joimel) 01 Sep 2026
https://isara.hal.science/hal-05734119v1
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[hal-05719364] Researchers’ agency in adapting the change laboratory to Local Intervention contexts: Examples of hybrid Approaches
The chapter examines how researchers involved in the ITAPAR project adapted the Change Laboratory (CL) methodology to the specific challenges encountered in different occupational health and safety contexts in Brazil and France. The authors describe these adaptations as “hybridization”: the combination of concepts, methods, techniques, and tools from different theoretical and disciplinary traditions to make interventions more relevant and effective in local situations. The chapter is based on 16 subprojects in Brazil and four in France. Rather than treating the Change Laboratory as a fixed sequence of procedures, the researchers considered it a flexible set of concepts and tools that could be adapted according to the contradictions and needs emerging in each field. This process was also understood as a form of learning within a community of practice in occupational health, in which researchers drew on their previous experience in the Change Laboratory, Activity Ergonomics, occupational safety, and other approaches. One important hybridization was the introduction of an initial training phase before the Change Laboratory sessions. Participants were introduced to key concepts of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory and then used a short video about mammoth hunting to experiment with the principles of double stimulation, activity systems, and contradictions. This helped participants understand the theoretical concepts, become familiar with the method, and begin discussing their own work situations. The authors argue that this practice subsequently became a regular feature of their interventions. The chapter also describes hybrid approaches to the production of mirror data. Although ethnographic observation is traditionally used in the Change Laboratory, the researchers incorporated other methods when these were better suited to the available time and the characteristics of the field. These included phenomenology, collective work analysis, Activity Ergonomics, safety approaches, interviews, observations, video-based self-confrontation, and toxicological measurements. In some interventions, these methods provided richer and more sensitive material for stimulating collective reflection on the activity. During the questioning and historical analysis phases, researchers also experimented with neutral or symbolic stimuli to reduce resistance and facilitate participation. Examples included abstract paintings, drawings, watercolours, an iceberg metaphor, and the bow-tie model, which helped participants distinguish visible consequences from underlying causes and to explore the historical dimensions of problems. Visual artefacts were particularly powerful because they translated abstract ideas into concrete representations and stimulated discussion and collective learning. Hybridization was also important during the modelling of new forms of activity. For example, the development of the *ZerObito* software combined Change Laboratory principles with Activity Ergonomics, safety concepts, participatory design, Design Sprint, and user-centred software development. In a Brazilian university hospital, the **5W3H matrix** was used to transform collectively developed solutions into concrete action plans and to assess their feasibility. In Bordeaux, maps and cards representing contamination measurements were used to support collective analysis and the development of preventive actions. Overall, the chapter argues that hybridization is not simply a pragmatic compromise but a form of transformative learning and researcher agency. By adapting and combining methodological resources, researchers were able to respond to the specific socio-historical and cultural characteristics of each intervention setting. These adaptations also contributed to the researchers’ own learning and to the consolidation of a community of practice in occupational health. The authors conclude that hybrid approaches are not only possible but necessary for developing more context-sensitive, effective, and transformative preventive interventions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Adelaide Nascimento) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05719364v1
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[hal-05735679] New Production Model in Corporate Catering: Tensions Between Relocalisation, Industrialisation and Work on Agrifood Transitions
Current debates on territorial agrifood transitions increasingly question the assumption that relocalisation inherently fosters sustainability. While public policies commit socio-economic actors to integrating such goals and have become a policy and managerial mantra, their concrete implications for work, organizational forms within food systems remain underexplored. This communication analyses this issue through intervention-research conducted within a multinational corporate catering company. Since late 2024, the company has been deploying a New Production Model (NPM) combining upstream off-site production with downstream on-site preparation (initially dedicated solely to the business sector and Paris region). Two newly created Food Processing Facilities perform washing, peeling, preparation of base sauces, and (pre-)cooking. Semi-processed products are delivered in 1.5-kg pouches with shelf lives ranging from 7 to 21 days, while final cooking, seasoning, and plating remain on restaurant sites. Currently, 30-40% of restaurant supplies originate from these facilities, reconfiguring procurement processes, work organization, and daily activities. Based on interviews (with project designers, managers, chefs and service staff) and on-site observations, the research examines how the NPM reshapes work, skill requirements, coollaboration, autonomy, and the perceived meaning of work. Its deployment was conditioned by several criteria: acceptance by Regional Operations Directors and clients, site-specific constraints, and its capacity to reduce on-site staffing in response to labour shortages and rising wage costs. To secure the occupancy rates necessary for facility profitability, where these conditions were not met, the company redirected the NPM toward other market segments or regions raising questions about the limits of relocalisation and the balance between centralization and territorial proximity. While promoted as a lever for relocalisation, quality, and ecological transition, the NPM reveals both sustainability opportunities and new social, economic and environmental tensions. These findings contribute to broader debates on the conditions under which organizational innovations can support genuinely ecological and socially just agrifood transitions.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Thomas Faget) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735679v1
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[hal-05740690] The web of violence in the countryside: a complex dynamic of farmer suicide in Brazil
This study investigates the nexus between work and suicide among farmers in Brazil, the occupational category with the highest suicide mortality rate in the country. Grounded in the Psychodynamics of Work and the concept of Chemical Colonialism, the analysis challenges the neoliberal logic that individualizes suffering, identifying a determining web of violence. First, chemical violence reveals a geopolitical asymmetry where the Global South is reduced to an exporter of nature. In this unequal exchange, Brazil exports clean commodities but absorbs the toxic burden, importing pesticides banned in the Global North. These substances act in a dual dimension: as a cause, generating systemic health damage, specifically disrupting the central nervous system, where mental illness emerges as a decisive trigger for suicide, and as a means, serving as the accessible lethal instrument. Second, economic violence imposes subordination to integrated systems and monocultures. Under neoliberal rationality, which frames failure as a personal flaw, chronic indebtedness strips the producer of autonomy, transforming into profound feelings of impotence. In extreme contexts, this pressure leads to altruistic suicide, a desperate attempt to leave a pension and save the family's land. Third, social and racial violence exacerbates vulnerabilities, placing historically marginalized Black and Indigenous populations in the most precarious roles. Analyzed through Dejours' lens, these three dimensions, whether acting individually or synergistically, dismantle the worker's psychological defenses. This context annihilates recognition, denying judgments of utility and beauty, and severs the solidarity networks essential for giving meaning to work. It is concluded that rural suicide is not a private tragedy, but the toxic residue of a development model: while nature is exported to sustain global markets, what remains in the territory is the exhaustion of bodies and mass illness, a cycle where profit is fueled by the silencing and death of those who cultivate the land.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bruna Peres Teixeira) 07 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05740690v1
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[hal-05087124] A standardized approach to population equivalents for food consumption analysis and socio-metabolic research: insights from France
Food consumption is a significant driver of environmental pressure, particularly in urban areas. As for mobility and buildings, which are other major impact sources, different types of population are responsible for the associated demand (residents, workers, tourists, etc). Despite preliminary work, standardized methods to quantify the contribution of different populations to social metabolism remain limited. This paper provides a comprehensive framework to estimate the populations present in an area and their food consumption, over a given period of time, based on broadly available census and statistical data. By using population equivalents, we provide a standardized and consistent approach to integrate the different types of population and their respective time spent in the area, as well as their share of daily food intake. A case study of France reveals that, in 85% of municipalities and 75% of inter-municipal cooperation areas, the present population is smaller than the resident population. The eating population is usually 5 to 20% smaller than the resident population, because children, teenagers, and commuters consume less food overall. In most metropolitan areas, the annual population increase due to commuters and tourists is offset by the residents' departures during holiday periods, bringing the present population quite close to the resident population. Only touristic areas attract additional populations to such an extent that the present population becomes substantially larger than the resident population over a year. Previous approaches tend to overestimate the biomass directly associated with urban food consumption. Our population-based framework can help reduce uncertainties about biomass use in cities and improve the comparison of material consumption between different areas.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Barbara Redlingshöfer) 12 May 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05087124v2
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[hal-05735676] A Gender-Informed Perspective on the Work Challenges of New Entrants to Organic Farming
Introduction: In France, the organic farming sector is relatively inclusive, attracting new entrants outside the family succession who seek meaningful work aligned with values of environmental sustainability. However, despite these motivations, the profession is widely perceived as physically demanding, financially precarious, and socially isolating. This study aims to understand the lived work experiences of these new entrants by considering both daily labor constraints and the values invested in their work, using a gender-informed perspective. Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 15 new entrants (6 women, 9 men) who established non-family certified organic farms in the Ardèche territory, southeastern France. Interviews explored personal trajectories, production practices, and challenges related to working conditions, including physical strain, self-care strategies, and work-life balance. The data was analyzed inductively using MaxQDA™, focusing on differentiating between the narratives of men and women. Results: The analysis revealed gendered effects concerning several key challenges, including the available tools and equipment, physical strain, prevention strategies, balancing personal vs. professional life, and the social division of labor within couples. Women frequently noted the poor adaptation of tools and machinery to female morphology, contributing significantly to musculoskeletal disorders. Satisfaction with equipment was lower among women than men. Both genders view farming as a highly physical activity. However, strategies for coping with physical strain differed: women implemented preventative measures outside the workplace, such as practicing sport or physiotherapy, while men focused mainly on workplace adaptations, such as using efficient movements or relying on tools. Furthermore, women highlighted issues concerning work-life balance, specifically linking these challenges to motherhood or projected motherhood, often perceiving this as a turning point affecting professional plans. Men, conversely, tended to focus concerns directly linked to working conditions rather than parenthood articulation issues. Unlike some prior studies, no essentialist justifications for women’s roles were found in the narratives. Conclusion: The findings confirm that the challenges of work in organic farming are differentiated by gender, revealing dimensions like work-life negotiation that often remain invisible in conventional analyses. Addressing these structural and gender-specific barriers -including inadequate financial compensation, physical demands, and challenges related to parenthood - is essential to promote sustainable, attractive, and inclusive working conditions for all new entrants in the agricultural sector.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emna Khemiri) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735676v1
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[hal-05740720] Mental Illness as an Occupational Hazard: Neurotoxicity and Psychosocial Risks in Agriculture
Rationale and Objectives: Occupational health protocols in agriculture have historically prioritized physical safety, overlooking the silent epidemic of mental illness devastating the workforce. This study shifts the focus from the fatal outcome, as suicide, to its root causes: the severe occupational mental disorders that precede these tragedies. We argue that the current production model exposes farmers to a lethal combination of neurotoxic and psychosocial risks. Grounded in the Psychodynamics of Work and a critical perspective on Worker's Health, the objective is to demonstrate how agricultural work organization functions as a structural hazard, generating mental illness as a direct outcome of the labor process. Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review analyzing the relation between work conditions and psychiatric morbidity in Brazil. The data was interpreted through the Psychodynamics of Work framework, classifying workplace exposures not merely as individual troubles, but as determinants of mental suffering linked to the organization of labor. Findings: The analysis identifies two major occupational pathways leading to mental illness in agriculture: chemical and psychosocial hazards. On one front, the widespread use of hazardous pesticides subjects farmers to chronic exposure. Beyond the risk of acute poisoning, this chemical violence compromises the workers' mental stability. The literature indicates that long-term contact with neurotoxic agents is associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Here, the hazardous environment operates as a silent aggression, eroding the worker's health and providing the accessible lethal means for suicide. Intertwined with this toxic exposure is the moral suffering generated by the organization of labor. Modern agricultural work is characterized by a loss of autonomy and rigid production prescriptions. From a Psychodynamics perspective, this scenario generates intense anxiety and moral suffering. The inability to control one's own labor process, coupled with financial pressure, transforms into guilt. The worker internalizes systemic pressures as personal incompetence, dismantling psychic defenses and leading to burnout. Implications: Suicide in agriculture must be reframed not as an isolated event, but as the terminal consequence of untreated occupational diseases. Current safety frameworks are insufficient because they fail to classify mental distress as a workplace accident. Effective prevention requires recognizing depression and cognitive decline as occupational illnesses. Therefore, ensuring safety in farming demands political and legal frameworks that mitigate these chemical and psychosocial hazards before they evolve into irreversible fatal outcomes, among which suicide remains the most tragic example.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Bruna Peres Teixeira) 07 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05740720v1
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[hal-05735673] Integrating uses and users into the design of digital agricultural technologies: an activity-centered approach
The digitalization of agriculture is often presented as a major lever for improving productivity, traceability, and sustainability in agri-food systems (Bournigal et al., 2015). However, numerous studies point out that the introduction of digital and robotic technologies profoundly transforms work situations and may generate tensions, or even deteriorations in working conditions, when actual uses and user needs are insufficiently considered during the design phase. This paper builds on this observation and aims to analyze how integrating uses and users can constitute a central lever for the sustainable digitalization of agricultural work. The study draws on an interdisciplinary research project, AgriFutur, bringing together agronomists, modelers, roboticists, and ergonomists to design digital technologies for agriculture. The project aims to support the agroecological transition by integrating sensors, robots, and digital tools into farming practices, while taking into account working conditions, socio-economic issues, and ecosystem dynamics. In this context, we argue that activity and use analysis plays a structuring role in the approach (Barcellini & al. 2014): it seeks to analyze needs, constraints, and existing uses in order to anticipate and simulate future uses, and to support dialogue between disciplines. The method is based on the analysis of a use case involving the introduction of a robot in a greenhouse-based, soilless strawberry farm. The methodological framework combines semi-structured interviews with the farmer and employees, as well as observations of work in real situations during different phases of the technical itinerary. This use case represents a first attempt at co-design with the farmer, as well as with the designers and researchers involved in the project (Béguin, Cerf & Prost, 2012). Initial observations show that technology design does not stop at deployment but continues through use, via a process of instrumental genesis (Folcher 2003), in which users develop patterns of use that were not initially anticipated. This is illustrated by the adaptation of the robot through the creation of a platform to meet specific farm needs. This design-in-use reveals key functional expectations and criteria for appropriation (Béguin, Cerf & Prost, 2012). However, the robot was not used during the harvesting phase, which is central to strawberry production. A new need therefore emerged for a robotic solution dedicated to harvesting as well. The farmer built a mock-up himself, which currently feeds collective discussions around the design of an innovative solution. To enrich the specifications, one perspective is to carry out a Diagnostic of Usage Situations (DSU) (Cerf et al., 2025) in several soilless strawberry farms. This work aims to contribute to reflections on the transformations of agricultural work linked to digitalization, with a view to developing recommendations for sustainable work.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emma Allix) 02 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05735673v1
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[hal-05719273] Le travail en laboratoire de biologie médicale, une complexité organisationnelle multiniveau au service de la santé des patients et de la sécurité des professionnels
Les laboratoires de biologie médicale (LBM) ont été mis en avant pendant la crise du COVID-19. Ils jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’établissement des diagnostics et dans la recherche, et pourtant ils ont été peu étudiés dans la littérature en sciences humaines et sociales. Il apparaît important de rendre visible l’organisation du travail dans ce domaine qui, à notre connaissance, n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’études ergonomiques. Il s’agit donc d’un travail de recherche exploratoire qui se situe au démarrage d’une thèse en ergonomie. Nous avons couplé observations et entretiens dans neuf laboratoires d’hôpitaux publics. Nous avons mené une analyse organisationnelle multiniveau (macro, méso et micro) en nous focalisant sur le circuit des prélèvements afin de comprendre l’organisation et le travail des professionnels de ces laboratoires, ainsi que leurs relations intra et extra-hospitalières. Il apparaît que l’organisation des LBM est dynamique et complexe, à l’image de celle des services de soins, et que le travail influence l’organisation, et inversement. Cette étude nous permet d’ouvrir des perspectives sur la sécurité des opérateurs en environnement isolé, confiné et hostile (ICE).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (William Suarez) 17 Aug 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05719273v1
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[hal-05750556] Under what conditions does on-farm observation facilitate the ecologisation of farm practices ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Servane Penvern) 15 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05750556v1
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[hal-05743415] Agricultural Waste Valorisation—The Case of Biochar-Compost Blend
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Marco Medici) 09 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05743415v1
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[hal-05649481] Influence of agroclimatic factors on fruit quality and bioactive compound composition of the Moroccan “Sefri” pomegranate
The diverse agroclimatic conditions of North Africa offer a valuable framework for examining the environmental determinants of fruit crop performance, particularly in key production zones such as Morocco, where pomegranate (Punica granatum. L) cultivation is both nutritionally and economically significant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adaptability of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar across five Moroccan regions (Marrakech, Meknes, Berkane, Beni Mellal, and Taounate) by assessing its pomological, vegetative, and biochemical traits under distinct agroclimatic conditions. Significant regional variations were observed in pomological traits, with Marrakech exhibiting superior fruit weight, diameter, and juice content, while Berkane demonstrated higher aril content and anthocyanin levels but lower fruit weight and size. Vegetative traits, including leaf density and area, were highest in Marrakech and lowest in Meknes and Berkane. Biochemical characteristics varied widely, with Beni Mellal samples showing the highest polyphenol (3.62 g GAE L−1) and flavonoid content (276.26 mg RE L−1), while Berkane exhibited the highest anthocyanin concentration (99.6 mg TAC L−1). Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were greatest in Meknes and Taounate, correlating with their cooler climates. Results underscore the strong influence of agroclimatic conditions, including temperature and soil and water characteristics which vary from region to region, on the phenotypic expression of the “Sefri” pomegranate cultivar, revealing that regions such as Beni Mellal, Berkane, and Meknes are particularly favorable for producing high-quality fruits enriched in bioactive compounds, while the Marrakech region demonstrates exceptional potential for maximizing yield and overall productivity. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing Moroccan pomegranates’ production and commercial valorization, promoting sustainable agriculture aligned with market demands.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Atman Adiba) 09 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05649481v1
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[hal-05684099] Livret de ressources BE-CREATIVE : fiches "conception", méthodes et applications
Ce livret a été pensé pour le consortium du projet BE-CREATIVE en 2023 pour partager un certain nombre de méthodes de conception mobilisables dans les territoires cas d’étude de ce projet. L’acception que nous avons retenue pour le terme de « conception » est large, avec certaines méthodes relevant de la conception à proprement parler (génération de solutions), et d’autres méthodes portant sur l’apport de connaissances pour la conception (ex. Fiche Traque aux innovations), ou pouvant être mobilisées à la fois pour le diagnostic et en aide à la conception (ex. Fiche cartes mentales). Notre objectif était d’illustrer plusieurs méthodes de conception via des fiches synthétiques permettant de saisir rapidement leur contenu et leurs usages. Notre objectif n’est pas d’orienter vers une méthode spécifique ni de limiter le choix des méthodes mais bien de mettre à disposition la description d’une variété de méthodes pour ouvrir et enrichir la réflexion sur les méthodes qui seront mobilisées localement. Ce recensement n’est pas exhaustif. Il a été orienté par les connaissances de ces méthodes par les porteuses de ce travail (L. Prost, L. Hossard), en veillant à décrire des méthodes à la fois très utilisées (ex. Scénarisation), en développement fort (ex. Jeux sérieux), et plus récentes/moins utilisées dans notre communauté INRAE (ex. Méthodes hors agronomie – Ecoidéation ; portées par des collègues travaillant au Sud, CIRAD – DATE – et Wageningen – DEED). Nous avons réalisé deux types de fiches : - Les fiches méthodes : présentent des méthodes plus ou moins connues en agronomie permettant de faire de la conception. Certaines correspondent à des familles de méthodes, i.e. il existe une variété d’approches se revendiquant de cette méthode (ex. Fiches cartes mentales, ateliers de conception). D’autres sont plus spécifiques, élémentaires, avec un déroulé plus « normé » (ex. Fiches méthodes DISCS, DATE, RIO/RID, DEED). Les fiches visent à donner les éléments clés de la méthode. Toutes sont organisées de la même manière (A noter que certaines présentent aussi une section « application »). Ces fiches présentent : (1) l’objectif de la méthode et son rôle pour la conception, en particulier le type d’objet conçu ; (2) le cadre théorique sur lequel s’appuie la méthode ; (3) les étapes de la méthode (parfois spécifiées pour plusieurs méthodes, en cas de « méta-méthode ») ; (4) le(s) type(s) de sortie produite(s) par la méthode ; (5) les principaux avantages et inconvénients de la méthode ; (6) l’intérêt de la méthode pour Be-Creative ; (7) les compétences nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de la méthode ; (8) les besoins humains (en indiquant le pas de temps) ; (9) le contact « spécialiste » de la méthode et son contact (idéalement participant de Be-Creative) ; (10) les références clés associées à la méthode et à quelques applications. - Les fiches application : illustrent certaines méthodes ou souvent combinaison de méthodes. Comme pour les fiches méthodes, l’exhaustivité n’est pas visée. Nous avons cherché à illustrer via des thèses ayant mobilisé l’échelle territoire ou bassin versant, en mettant en particulier en lumières les étapes clés des démarches et leurs sorties principales. Ces fiches sont synthétiques (environ 3 pages) et organisées de la manière suivante : (1) Objectif de l’étude (basé sur la problématique de la thèse) ; (2) les étapes de l’étude, (3) les parties prenantes mobilisées et leur rôle ; (4) le modèle de simulation, (5) les échelles/niveaux mobilisés ; (6) les principaux résultats ; (7) les références (principalement issues de la thèse).
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laure Hossard) 07 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05684099v1
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[hal-05649487] Towards optimized sampling design for forest monitoring: A moving window analysis of scale-sensitive indices
Accurate assessment of forest ecosystems requires choosing appropriate sampling scales that capture spatial heterogeneity. To determine the minimum sampling scale needed to assess key forest structural indices, we applied a moving window approach across twenty 1-ha primary broad-leaved Korean pine forest plots in Heilongjiang, China, systematically increasing window sizes from 5 m × 5 m to 95 m × 95 m and sliding them at 5 m intervals within each plot. At each window, we calculated seven indices representing three ecological dimensions: spatial structure (neighborhood comparison, angular scale, mingling), productivity (biomass, basal area), and species diversity (Simpson and Shannon indices). These values were compared to plot means to identify the minimum spatial scale at which index values stabilized within deviation thresholds of 10% or 20%. Then, we used a random forest model to investigate the drivers of variability in minimum sampling scale, incorporating plot-level means of each index and their coefficients of variation across 5 m × 5 m windows as explanatory variables. Results revealed varying scale sensitivities across indices. At the 10% deviation threshold, neighborhood comparison and angular scale stabilized at ≤ 50 m, species diversity at ≤ 75 m, and mingling and productivity at ≤ 85 m, which was identified as the minimum scale capturing all structural indices. Random forest analysis showed that while influencing factors varied across indices, the coefficient of variation was consistently the most important. This study provides a framework for tailored sampling strategies, supports forest inventory enhancements, and guides large-scale monitoring and conservation in temperate mixed forests.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Dawei Wang) 09 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05649487v1
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[hal-05781769] Exploring learning processes across individual and collective dynamics in farmers’ collective experimentation
Several agronomic issues that are central to agroecological transitions remain weakly addressed by formal research. These orphan research topics include, for example, minor crops (Tadele, 2019) or conservation-oriented organic farming systems (Vincent-Caboud et al., 2017), for which scientific references are scarce. In such contexts, knowledge production cannot rely solely on conventional research pathways and largely depends on practitioners themselves. Farmers therefore need to experiment in order to generate the knowledge required to adapt their practices, even in the absence of scientific guidance.</p><p>Such situations have repeatedly led farmers to take on an active role in knowledge production. In domains such as conservation agriculture, farmers have historically played a central role in producing and disseminating knowledge through experimentation and peer exchange (e.g. Díaz-José et al., 2016). More generally, farmers have a direct and individual interest in the outcomes of experimentation, as these outcomes are intended to inform and improve their own farming practices. As Hansson (2019) notes, "in farming, experimentation is a necessity, not a luxury." Like von Hippel's free innovators (2016), farmers experiment without being paid to do so, as they are "self-rewarded" by the benefits derived from their innovations. Farmers' experimentation is often described either as individual initiatives by autonomous farmers (e.g. Lyon, 1996) or as research-led projects in which farmers mainly follow predefined methodological frameworks (Lacoste et al., 2021). This study focuses instead on farmer-driven collective experimentation, where groups of farmers, supported by R&amp;D partners, design and implement their own experiments, in order to address shared questions. Unlike examples in the literature where farmer-led research refers to experimental processes in which farmers set the research agenda while professional scientists provide methodological support (e.g. Nelson et al., 2023; Waters-Bayer et al., 2015), the cases studied here do not directly involve academic scientists. Rather, they correspond to a form of appropriation by farmers’ collectives and their facilitators of experimental methods that more or less align with the standards of agronomic research. Given this background, our study aims to understand how collective experimentation enables groups of farmers, in partnership with advisors or facilitators, to learn about orphan research topics in contexts where scientific references and formal research guidance are limited.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Maïté de Sainte Agathe) 06 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05781769v1
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[hal-05740386] Mapping risk pathways of French livestock systems to climate change
Context, research problem, practical and theoretical background Climate change is reshaping livestock production conditions, yet drivers and pathways of climatic risks differ among regions and production systems (Rojas-Downing et al., 2017). Regional contexts influence how stakeholders interpret climatic extremes. Most large-scale assessments of climate change impacts on livestock overlook these local and context-dependent differences, limiting understanding of how risks differ. A local perspective captures the diversity of climatic drivers and impact pathways affecting French livestock systems (Madrid et al., 2025). Purposes and questions We aimed to identify climate-related impact pathways affecting French livestock systems. We analysed differences by region and species (ruminant vs monogastric) and investigated how climatic pressures translate into impact pathways. Design, methodology, approach We combined a review of French grey literature (mainly regional project reports) with 27 interviews (addressing climate issues) of stakeholders across livestock production chains. Materials were coded using a grid linking climatic drivers to intermediate and final impacts (e.g., feed, animal health and welfare, productivity, land resources). We classified drivers and impacts by region and livestock sector. Findings Results showed regional differences in climatic pressures and their perceived importance. Heat stress is widespread, with severity levels varying by region and species. Heatwave caused heat stress according to 65% of statements for pigs and 46% for goats. Drought is the main driver (77% of statements) of reduced forage availability, while climate-related diseases are poorly mentioned. A knowledge gap exists for monogastric animals, rarely addressed in regional studies. Practical implications The mapping of climatic risk pathways provides a shared basis for discussion among the interviewed stakeholders, facilitating comparison of climatic issues between regions. It supports understanding of livestock exposure to multiple stressors and highlights critical or under-studied risk combinations. Theoretical implications This study contributes to conceptualising climate risk pathways as a context-dependent and subjective concepts. It refines frameworks linking climatic drivers, impact pathways, and perceptions, improving insight of how climatic risks arise and differ across regions and livestock systems. References Madrid, A., De Crémoux, R., Delaby, L., Larroque, H., Novak, S., &amp; Vinet, A. (2025). L’élevage de ruminants s’adaptera-t-il au changement climatique ? Impacts et leviers d’adaptation. INRAE Productions Animales, 38(2), 9200. https://doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2025.38.2.9200 Rojas-Downing, M. M., Nejadhashemi, A. P., Harrigan, T., &amp; Woznicki, S. A. (2017). Climate change and livestock : Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate Risk Management, 16, 145‑ 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Laurine Coré--Brazier) 07 Sep 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05740386v1
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[hal-05738644] Paris, métropole verte ?
À l’échelle planétaire, les espaces contribuant au verdissement urbain, qu’ils soient supports ou non de production alimentaire, sont autant de leviers pour la résilience des villes sur le plan climatique et environnemental. Ces enjeux sont particulièrement prégnants dans l’aire urbaine parisienne. Première aire métropolitaine de France, c’est un territoire soumis à de fortes dynamiques d’étalement périurbain qui fragilisent les continuités écologiques. Il s’agit cependant aussi d’une région de production agricole majeure, en grandes cultures, principalement tournée vers l’export, ainsi que d’un lieu d’expérimentation d’initiatives d’agriculture urbaine et de reconnexions entre ville, agriculture et nature. Cet ouvrage s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux services pour la biodiversité fournis par les infrastructures vertes (réseaux d’espaces verts et bleus), considérées comme des piliers de la transition écologique des villes, avec un accent porté sur les jardins privés et les micro-fermes urbaines. Les analyses portent à la fois sur des espaces avec ou sans production alimentaire, cette diversité de situations pouvant se retrouver à l’échelle du jardin individuel. Explorer ces enjeux dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, en croisant regards de sociologues, géographes et écologues, implique d’analyser la diversité des postures et représentations portées par les habitants (propriétaires ou usagers de ces espaces), mais aussi la diversité des « effets de lieu » susceptibles d’orienter les opinions, attitudes et pratiques de gestion. Cet ouvrage rend compte de cette pluralité d’approches en combinant enquêtes sur les représentations, approches géographiques prenant en compte les caractéristiques sociales et spatiales des ensembles urbains, et analyses des pratiques de gestion et de leur impact potentiel sur la biodiversité.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Emmanuelle Baudry) 04 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05738644v1
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[hal-05750041] Potagers domestiques et autoproduction alimentaire : entre potentiel, réalité et enjeux associés
Ces dernières années ont été marquées par un regain d’intérêt pour la pratique potagère et sa contribution à l’alimentation des ménages. Certains scientifiques relient ce phénomène aux préoccupations croissantes concernant la dépendance des sociétés urbaines vis-à-vis des systèmes alimentaires marchands. Il convient toutefois de noter que la pratique de l’auto production domestique privée a été largement sous-étudiée, en particulier dans les pays industrialisés. Notre proposition vise à contribuer à la littérature concernant le potentiel du jardinage domestique pour répondre aux besoins alimentaires des populations. Dans le cadre du projet TerriBio, nous avons développé une méthodologie pour estimer les performances productives à l’échelle des potagers de nos territoires d’étude en Île-de-France. Parallèlement, une enquête en ligne a été réalisée auprès de jardiniers du même territoire. Ce chapitre permet de présenter ces deux types de résultats obtenus et de les mettre en perspective. Nous discutons également de la portée de ces résultats par rapport aux connaissances déjà existantes dans la littérature.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Caroline Petit) 18 Sep 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05750041v1
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[hal-05731085] Dairy farmers' perceptions of sustainable agricultural practices in the Mediterranean region: two case studies from Türkiye and Morocco
Dairy farming is a fundamental component in rural livelihoods in the Mediterranean region. Beyond contributing to food security, it provides household income and supports social stability (Alary et al., 2019; Serin et al., 2025). In Turkey and Morocco, dairy production constitutes a significant proportion of agricultural output, with thousands of smallholder farmers depending on milk as a daily and reliable source of income (Gönenç &amp; Tanrivermiş, 2008; Sraïri et al., 2013). However, the sector is under increasing pressure due to climate change, chronic water scarcity and unstable feed prices, all of which threaten its sustainability (Astuti et al., 2024). The feasibility of sustainable agricultural practices (SAP) alone is insufficient to ensure adoption (Rizzo et al., 2024). Farmers’ perceptions of costs, benefits, risks, and compatibility determine adoption. Practices perceived as expensive, complex, or risky are rarely adopted, while those seen as profitable, familiar, or used by peers are more readily embraced. Perceptions therefore act as a filter through which information is translated into behavioral change. Two-stage Likert scale questionnaires were designed to assess dairy farmers’ perceptions of adopting SAP in Turkey and Morocco, as part of SUPREM-MILK project. The first stage involved a pre-presentation questionnaire assessing farmers’ baseline knowledge and perceptions before being exposed to any information. Then, farmers attended a structured presentation introducing key SAP, like crop rotation, cover crops and manure management. The second stage consisted of a post-presentation questionnaire that assessed perceptions across eight additional barriers, including risk aversion, learning capacity, accessibility, trust in information, social norms, environmental and social responsibility, knowledge on soil, and opinions toward sustainable practices. The questionnaire was conducted with 43 farmers from Turkey and 10 from Morocco. This approach allowed us to collect both baseline and expanded perceptions, providing new insights into how farmers understand sustainability challenges. The preliminary results from Turkey indicated that farmers already had basic knowledge of SAP, such as crop rotation and soil preparation even before receiving any information. The post-questionnaire highlighted adoption barriers such as lack of trust and limited access to reliable information. This study demonstrates how structured exposure to information can shift farmers’ perceptions, broaden their understanding of sustainable agriculture, and highlight real-world challenges. It identifies specific barriers to the adoption of these practices and supports policymakers in developing targeted strategies and supportive measures to improve their effective implementation. This research enhances the current understanding of how information interventions can influence and broaden perceptions. The predominant approach in research neglects the potential for perceptions to evolve or for new obstacles to emerge consequent to farmers’ engagement with structured data.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sarah Saad) 29 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05731085v1
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[hal-05731072] Territorial Diagnosis for Farming Systems Typology and Bioeconomy Characterization in the Grand Beauvaisis, Northern France
The agroecological transition and the development of the bioeconomy require a clear understanding of territorial dynamics and agricultural systems. In the Grand Beauvaisis, a mainly agricultural region in northern France, pressures on natural resources, particularly water quality, combined with climate risks make this need even more pressing. The key challenge is to deepen knowledge of the diversity and spatial organization of farming systems to support the design of more resilient and sustainable pathways. Understanding these systems at both structural and functional levels is crucial to anticipate their response to environmental and socio-economic changes. This study aims to characterize farming systems and the bioeconomy in the Grand Beauvaisis by mobilizing territorial diagnostic tools. The main objective is to elaborate a typology that captures landscape spatial diversity and links farm types to biomass stocks and flows, providing insights for sustainable bioeconomy and territorial management. The farming systems typology is built from an integrative dataset that combines geospatial analytical methods2 based on the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) as the core, regional statistics, local surveys, and semi-structured interviews mainly with farmers and cooperatives5. Multivariate clustering defines homogeneous farming-system classes to understand the diversity of agricultural systems in the Grand Beauvaisis. Typology results feed a Material Flow Analysis (MFA) at field and territorial scales: we estimate biomass production, residues, manure, by-products, and potential harvestable biomass using crop yield statistics and remote-sensing-derived productivity indices. It is strengthened through biophysical modeling, which evaluates crop productivity and vulnerability to climatic hazards, and bioeconomic modeling, which examines interactions between farming practices, environmental sustainability, and economic performance. This integrated approach enables a comprehensive assessment of environmental and economic challenges, pressures on natural resources, and supporting sustainable territorial planning. The resulting typology distinguishes farming systems based on production, economic, and environmental characteristics6. It highlights both the territory's opportunities, such as soil diversity, farming networks, local innovation potential, and bioresource availability for the bioeconomy, and its vulnerabilities, including water quality issues, land use, and socio-economic constraints. The typology provides local stakeholders with a practical tool that facilitates the assessment of environmental risks, the prioritization of interventions, the estimation of biomass production potential, and evidence-based land-use planning. Methodologically, this study highlights the value of integrating statistical, spatial, biophysical, and bioeconomic approaches to capture the complexity of agricultural systems. It contributes to research on agroecological and food system transitions by linking farm practices and bioeconomy development, offering a replicable framework for territorial analyses.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Amal Ismaili Alaoui) 29 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05731072v1
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[hal-05840935] Change in farming systems and their expression at the territorial scale: The case of crop succession as an indicator of change.
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Elise Ygaunin) 27 Oct 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05840935v1
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[hal-05673803] Les agricultures en ville un levier pour accompagner les enjeux de santé dans les transitions métropolitaines.
Alors que les répercussions du changement climatique s'observent dans l’ensemble du monde, et à toutes les échelles, elles posent des défis spécifiques, et majeurs, en milieu urbain (pollution de l’air, îlots de chaleurs urbains, préservation de la biodiversité en milieu anthropisé, approvisionnement alimentaire…). De plus, ces enjeux s’articulent avec ceux des transitions sociales et sanitaires aujourd’hui à l'œuvre dans les contextes urbains, y compris dans les espaces des Nords. Les défis posés par l'approche One Health illustre par exemple la complexité d’une prise en compte systémique des déterminants de la santé urbaine. De nombreux travaux montrent combien les effets du développement urbain (exposition au trafic, bruit, pollution de l’air, isolement social et inactivité physique…) influencent en effet la santé et le bien-être des habitant.e.s en zone urbanisée. Roué-Le-Gall et al. (2022) soulignent que plusieurs composantes du développement urbain (telles que les formes urbaines, le logement, les espaces verts et bleus, les transports et les services) influencent, positivement ou négativement, les états de santé comme les processus inégalitaires en matière de santé. Ces travaux montrent aussi combien l’agriculture urbaine peut - sous certaines conditions d'aménagement et dans certains contextes urbains, sociaux et politiques - participer à construire une ville plus favorable à la santé humaine (et non humaine) et durablement plus soutenable. Cette contribution vise, dans ce contexte, à fournir des éclairages sur les rôles des agricultures urbaines dans la promotion d’un urbanisme favorable à la santé (UFS), et d’en analyser les conditions (politiques, sociales ou urbaines). Soulignons que nous mobilisons, à la suite des travaux d’Anne Roué-Le-Gall, le terme d’UFS pour qualifier une planification minimisant l’exposition des populations aux facteurs de risque (polluants, isolement social, etc.) tout en maximisant l’exposition aux facteurs de protection (pratique d’activités physiques, accès aux espaces verts, sécurité alimentaire, etc.). Si certaines études abordent les enjeux sanitaires de l’agriculture urbaine, très peu posent la question de son intégration dans des démarches d’UFS, et encore moins le font de manière concrète et opérationnelle . Cette communication vise ainsi à se demander quels sont les (nouveaux ?) dispositifs et instruments déployés pour favoriser la participation de l’agriculture aux transitions métropolitaines, notamment favorables à la santé. Peut-on identifier des formes d’expertise et/ou de méthodes originales permettant une mise en œuvre opérationnelle d’un UFS prenant pleinement en compte les agricultures urbaines ? Quels acteurs se saisissent ou contribuent à ces enjeux, tant au sein du champ scientifique que de celui des agences spécialisées ou du terrain ? Enfin, en quel mesure ces instruments, méthodes ou acteurs sont-ils comparables de l’échelle internationale à l’échelle nationale (ici française) ? Pour ce faire, cette communication propose une analyse croisée de 3 corpus. Premièrement, une scoping review sur les liens entre agriculture urbaine, santé et planification urbaine dans la littérature anglophone. Deuxièmement, il s’agira de rendre compte d’une analyse des préconisations établies par des rapports internationaux issus d’institutions spécialisées en lien avec l’agriculture, la santé et l’aménagement : FAO, OMS et ONU Habitat. Enfin, nous développerons un focus sur la situation française par l’analyse de rapports institutionnels (ARS, CEREMA, DRIAAF, EHESP, Ministère de l’Agriculture et Ministère de la Santé) et de travaux issus de la littérature scientifique francophone (recherche par mots clés – identiques que pour le scoping internationale - sur la plateforme CAIRN). L’analyse de la littérature internationale révèle que les liens les plus étudiés entre l’agriculture urbaine et les déterminants de la santé concernent la production alimentaire et les dimensions sociales de ces liens (telles que la cohésion sociale, l’apprentissage et les sentiments positifs comme la détente et le bien-être). Cela s’explique notamment par la prédominance d’études sur les jardins collectifs. Toutefois, l’ensemble des bénéfices et des risques identifiés par la littérature varie selon les acteurs (et leur perception) et les types d’agriculture urbaine. Cette étude nous a aussi permis de construire une typologie des recommandations présentées par cette littérature pour le développement d’une agriculture urbaine favorable à la santé (typologie en 4 catégories : méthodologiques, techniques, politiques et éthiques). Les recommandations les plus nombreuses sont d’ordre méthodologiques et techniques, au détriment des recommandations politiques et éthiques. Cela pourrait s’expliquer par le fait que nombreux articles sont basés sur une analyse du point de vue des acteurs de la planification et aménagement au détriment des acteurs de la santé ou de l’agriculture urbaine. Le recoupement de ces résultats avec l’analyse de rapports internationaux dont ceux de la FAO et l’OMS permet de compléter la réflexion sur l’ampleur et la nature des préconisations. Les institutions spécialisées dans l’agriculture et la santé apparaissent comme des acteurs clés de l’opérationnalisation des liens entre UFS et agriculture urbaine, y compris pour ce qui est des préconisations politiques ou éthiques. Enfin, en ce qui concerne la France, les analyses sont en cours, mais pouvons d’ores et déjà poser l’hypothèse que l’étude des rapports et de la littérature scientifique fera émerger certaines dimensions (transitions alimentaires, engagement habitant…) et des préoccupations (ex, la pollution de sols, la gentrification vert) de façon plus prégnantes que d’autres, et ce au regard du contexte sociales, politique et scientifique spécifique de la France (ancienneté de certaines questions, position de certains institutions, effet de programmes de recherche et financement dans le champs…). Ces trois corpus se complètent : si la littérature scientifique reste encore très « générique » sur les actions et préconisations, les rapports et documents nous permettent de monter en généralité et d’établir une grille de préconisations pouvant être mobilisées pour accompagner les enjeux de santé dans les territoires urbains. Ces conclusions incitent finalement à interroger le rôle de la recherche vis-à-vis de l’action, et plus largement des politiques publiques. En quelle l’urgence de certains enjeux des transitions climatiques et écologiques métropolitaines se traduit-elle par une plus importante porosité entre science et action ? Quelle rôle pour chacun.e, quelles injonctions … et finalement pour quels résultats (tant pour l’avancer de la production de la connaissance que pour l’action publique en matière de soutenabilité des territoires urbains) ?
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Giulia Giacche) 29 Jun 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05673803v1
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[hal-05670134] Quelles solutions pour des usages durables de la ressource en eau ?
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ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Nabil Touili) 25 Jun 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05670134v1
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[hal-05732666] Correction: Exploring the logics of farmers’ equipment management for species mixtures: case studies from France
Species mixtures are one of the levers for sustainable agriculture, as they can allow the reduction of environmental impacts while maintaining yields. Farmers face challenges in implementing them, however — notably technical difficulties and constraints related to cultivation and post-harvest sorting equipment. This study explores farmers’ agricultural equipment fleet management logics in the context of arable species mixture cultivation, a blind spot in the scientific literature. Our research methodology draws on the innovation tracking approach. Data were collected through interviews with 13 farmers cultivating species mixtures across France. We examined: (i) the characteristics and management of mixtures, as farmers consider them when selecting and using equipment, (ii) the technical features of the equipment used — including modifications and farmer-driven design, and (iii) farmers’ overall logic for managing their equipment fleets. The results reveal six categories of species mixtures, distinguished by their spatial arrangement and sowing depth, both closely linked to equipment use. Farmers use a wide diversity of equipment, often modified or repurposed to suit specific mixtures, such as seed drills adapted to sow different species at distinct depths. Three main management logics were identified among the interviewees: (i) minimizing costs through existing equipment reuse, (ii) adapting equipment to the biological characteristics of species mixtures, and (iii) making equipment choices based on local resources. Here we demonstrate how the management of agricultural equipment is a central lever for species mixture cultivation. This study offers new insights into equipment for agroecological farming practices, providing reflexive guidance for researchers, advisers, and equipment manufacturers involved in the transition toward more sustainable agriculture.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Esther Fouillet) 31 Aug 2026
https://hal.science/hal-05732666v1
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[hal-05678303] Co-animation du webinaire « Retour sur le séminaire “sensible“ » en collaboration avec l’Association Française des professionnels de la Cueillette de plantes sauvages (AFC)
Suite à deux séminaires avec le collectif de chercheurs de PlantCoopLab, l’AFC vous partage les résultats de ce travail. En effet, le rapport sensible au végétal des professionnels de la cueillette influe sur leurs pratiques de prélèvements en plantes, et au-delà sur leur rapport au monde et au vivant. Voici un temps d'échanges autour de ce rapport sensible et de ses implications.
ano.nymous@ccsd.cnrs.fr.invalid (Sylvie Pouteau) 02 Jul 2026
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05678303v1
